Fried pies - How to cook Mongolian national food.Huushuur recipes:
Almost all foreigners and tourists are interested Mongolian meals, especially buuz and khuushuur. And this is the instruction of how to cook, huushuur at home.
Huushuur/ Fried meat pastries/. Ingredients:
-1kg minced mutton and beef, fat included
-1/2 teaspoon salt
-1 onion, chopped
-4 gloves garlic, crushed
-water, mix these filling ingredients together.
For the dough: 1.4 cups of flour
2.1/2 teaspoon salt
3.water to mix
Mix the dough ingredients together and knead into dough. Divide into smaller pieces and roll these about 3cm in diameter. Cut the rolled flour into 4cm lengths. Take one length of dough and squash it into a circle. Roll it out until it is 8 to 10cm wide. Put 2 ½ dessertspoonsof meat mixture onto one side of your circle, leaving a space around the one corner open and squeeze out the air, then seal the corner.
To cook:
Using 2 liters of cooking oil, heat the oil in a wok, fry three or four pasties at time for 2 minutes each side, until they’re brown and meat is cooked.
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From Rags to Riches
Яаж амжилтанд хүрэх вэ?
Liza Smythe is a successful British singer.Лиза Смит бол английн алдарт дуучин.
Her smiling face appears on the covers of international magazines, and every year she travels to many different parts of the world to perform concert for millions of fans.
Түүний инээмсэглэж буй царайг олон улсын сэтгүүлүүдээс харж болох ба жил бүр тэр дэлхийн өнцөг булан бүрт байгаа сая сая шүтэн бишрэгчиддээ аялан тоглолтуудаа толилуулдаг.
However,life used to very different for this bright young star from Liverpool.Хэдий тийм боловч,Ливерпоолийн гялалзсан залуу одын урьдны амьдрал маш өөр байсан. ‘Eight years ago”. Says Liza, “I lived in a small terraced house with my parents and three brothers. “8-н жилийн өмнө” Лиза хэлсэн би дэнж газар хувийн жижигхэн байшиндаа эцэг эх гурван ахынхаа хамт амьдарч байсан. It was very cramped! Тэнд маш давчуу, зай муутай байсан. We didn’t have a lot of money, so I used to work as a cleaner at the local hospital to make ends meet. Бидэнд хэрэгцээндээ зарцуулах мөнгө байдаггүй байсан, би хотынхоо нэгэн эмнэлэгт цэвэрлэгчээр ажилладаг байсан ба амь зуулгандаа мөнгөө арай чүү хүргэдэг байсан. I used to buy my clothes from second-hand shops. Би хувцасаа хуучин хувцасны дэлгүүрээс худалдаж авдаг байсан. I was quite plump back then, because liked eating chips and chocolate. Би тэр үед махлаг тарган байсан, яагаад гэвэл шарсан төмс шоколад идэх дуртай байсан.In my free time I used to sing in the college choir or go for walks on the beach. Чөлөөт цагаараа би коллежийнхоо найрал дуунд дуулдаг байсан эсвэл далайн эргээр зугаалдаг байсан. I didn’t use to go to clubs because they were very expensive. Би клубт ордоггүй байсан, яагаад гэвэл тэд маш үнэтэй байдаг. I used to listen to the radio a lot, though, I learnt all the words to every pop song and people hired me to sing at parties. Хэдий тийм боловч би байнга радио сонсдог байлаа,би бүх поп дуунуудын үгнүүдийг цээжилдэг байсан ба хүмүүс намайг үдэшлэг цэнгүүн дээр хөлсөөр дуулахыг санал болгодог байсан. My friends liked my voice a lot, so they persuaded me to send a cassette to a record company. Найзууд маань миний дуу хоолойнд дуртай, тэд дуу хоолойг минь бичсэн хуурцагийг дуу бичлэгийн компанид явуулахыг ятгасан. That’s how it all started for me. Эндээс л бүхний од болох гараа маань эхэлсэн. Three weeks later, I received a phone call from the company and my life changed completely.” Гурван долоо хоногийн дараа дуу бичлэгийн компаниас над руу залгаад миний амьдралыг бүхэлд нь өөрчилсөн.
Today, Liza lives in a large house with a big garden just outside London with her husband and young daughter.Өнөөдөр Лиза гаднаа маш үзэсгэлэнт цэцэрлэгт хүрээлэнтэй, том хувийн байшиндаа өөрийн нөхөр бяцхан охиныхоо хамт Лондонд амьдарч байна. She is a much slimmer now, and looks very elegant in her chic designer clothes.Тэр одоо маш туранхай ба түүнийг харахад ганган дэгжин,хээнцэр түүний хувцаснууд нь нэртэй загвар зохион бүтээгчдийнх. She is constantly on a diet and goes to the gym everyday to keep her body in shape. Тэр хоолны нарийн дэглэм барьдаг ба өдөр бүр гимнастикаар хичээллэж биеийн галбиртаа анхаарал тавьдаг. In her free time she enjoys going to the theatre or to parties. Тэр чөлөөт цагаа театр эсвэл үдэшлэгт явж зугаатай өнгөрөөдөг.
Liza’s lifestyle has changed a lot since those days in Liverpool .Лизагийн амьдралын хэв маяг нь Ливерпоолд байсан тэдгээр өдрүүдээс хойш олон олон өөрчлөлт гарсан.”I think I’m very lucky to lead the life I do today.Би маш азтай хүн, би өнөөдөр амьдралаараа тэргүүлэгч болсон. It’s not easy, though, because I don’t have the privacy that I used to have. Энэ бүхэн хялбар байгаагүй, яагаад гэвэл надад амар тайван байгаагүй Still, I have a lovely family and a very promising career. Надад хайртай гэр бүл, ирээдүйтэй ажил мэргэжил байна. What else could I ask for?” she says. Надаас өөр асуух зүйл байна уу гэж Лиза хэлсэн.
GRAMMAR
Хүний хэлсэн үгийг мэдээллэх ба дамжуулах хоёр арга байдаг.
1.Шууд ярианы хэлбэр: /by repeating the words spoken(direct speech)/
2.Дам ярианы хэлбэр: /by reporting the words spoken/
He said: “I like your new car.” “Надад чиний шинэ машин таалагддаг” гэж тэр хэлсэн.
He told her that he liked her new car. Түүний шинэ машин таалагддаг гэж тэр хэлж байсан.
Шууд яриа-Direct Speech
Хүний хэлсэн үгийг өөрчлөлгүйгээр яг хэвээр нь дамжуулахыг шууд яриа гэнэ. Бичгийн хэлэнд хэлсэн үгийг дан буюу давхар хашилтаар тусгаарлаж ямар нэг үгийг өөрчлөхгүй. Мэдээлэх үг нь дамжуулах үгийнхээ өмнө болон ард байрлаж болох ба тодорхойлох цэг, таслалаар тусгаарлагдана.
Examples:
Tumuree said: “I learn Japanese”. Төмөрөө хэлсэн нь: “Би Япон хэл судалдаг”.
She says “What time will you be home?”
She said “What time will you be home?”
“There’s a fly in my soup!” screamed Simone.
Jonh said, “There’s an elephant outside the window.”
Дам яриа-Reported Speech
Дам яриа ихэвчлэн өнгөрсөнд болсон үйлийн тухай илэрхийлэх ба ингэснээр тухай болж байгаа үйлийн цаг нь өөрчлөгдөнө. ‘say’, ‘tell’ гэх мэт мэдээлэх үг хэрэглэгдэх ба баримт тодорхойлтын шинжтэй байвал ‘that’ холбоосыг хэрэглэнэ. Цэг таслал бараг хэрэглэгдэхгүй.
She said, “I saw him.”- She said that she had seen him.
“Say and tell”
Say
Хэн нэгэнд тусгайлан хандаагүй тохиолдолд болон шууд бус тусагдхуунд (an indirect object) хэрэглэнэ.
1.He said that he was tired.
2.Ann said that she could not find a job.
3.Peter said that he had to go early.
4.john said that his son did not like school.
5.”I can’t help you,” Tim said to me.
He said that he would be on time.
Tell
Хэн нэгэнд хандан өгүүлж буй тохиолдолд болон шууд тусагдхуунд (indirect object) хэрэглэнэ.
1.He told me that he was tired.
2. I wasn’t told a thing about it.
3.You tell him about the party.
4.He told me that Sue had left.
“Sue has left,” he told me.
5.My father told me that you are clever.
Mongolia
Mongolia is beautiful country with clear light blue sky and vast steppe. Mongolia has frontiers with two world China and Russia, just centre of Asia. Mongolia situated mountainous elevation and combined Khangai, steppe, gobi desert. Mongolia of population 2.6 million.
Mongolian people are good-looking and beautiful. They are of medium height with delicate features. They have got long black hair, dark small eyes and light yellow skin. The Mongolian people are friendly people who are well known for being generous and kind because they don’t lose her temper and remains calm. They’re a happy people who have strong wills, clever and are especially proud of our history.
Mongolia’s capital the Ulaanbaatar city. Ulaanbaatar city’s shops with plenty of large department stores as will as thousands of delightful smaller shops. Ulaanbaatar city with most of department store. For example: а Government Department store, a Achlal, a Bileg, a UB mart, a Gobi cashmere. Most of the stores in our town are on the main street. There you can buy fashionable clothes, brand camel’s fluff wolly jacket, good shoes, clothes and jewellery. Shops in Ulaanbaatar are usually open from eight in the morning till about eight in the evening, from Monday to Saturday. The big sales come celebration for example: “Tsagaan sar, new year”
Mongolian people’s most of live in country side. City’s people live in flats and ger. Country side’s people are lot of the five major kinds of livestock: camels, horses, sheep, goats, cattle. The Mongolia four seasons in year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each season has three months.
In spring the weather gets warmer and the snow begins to melt, streams and rivers begin to flow and trees become green. This is a busy time for herdsmen and farmers. At the beginning of spring in our country, in the middle it is still cold, at the end it is warm.
In summer the days are long and the nights are short. During the summer months, the plants and flowers are at their best. In summer the sun shines quite brightly and sometimes it rains with lighthning and there are thunder storms.
In autumn is wonderful and bounteous season. It’s the time for harvest and the herdsmen and farmers are very busy again.
In winter sometimes can be very cold in some parts of our country. In many places it snows. Sometimes very much snow falls in some parts of the country, all rivers and lakes freeze and become covered with ice. The Mongolian winter is much colder. In winter we must wear warm clothes, herdsmen and herdswomen wear sheepskin and lampskin deel in cold winter days.
Family life is very important in Mongolia and families often together. The food is delicious. Mongolian’s national like eating fried pies and buuz, dumplings, flour soup especially food is goat’s barbeque and like eating white products: kind of dried curds, cottage cheese, milk, sour milk.
Mongolian like drinking airag, tea with milk. Airag is horse’s milk. Most of Mongolian people like eat fat mutton meat.
Mongolian people love to enjoy themselves. Mongolian national sports festival the “Three manly sports” of horse racing, archery and wrestling. Mongolian traditional festival’s one is “Tsagaan sar and new year”.
Mongolian’s national dance is “Mongol bujig” and music is “Morin huur”. They’re also celebrate many festivals throughout the year. Mongolian people are participant in the celebration.
Mongolia is very beautiful nature with rivers and sights. Mongolian people proud of world power person “Chinggis Khaan”. Tourists trap will surely love it’s fascinating sights and lovely people.
Bill Gates
Everyone has heard of Bill Gates, one of the richest and most successful people in the world. Билл Гэтс бол дэлхийн хамгийн баян, алдартай хүний нэг гэдгийг хүн бүр мэддэг.
Microsoft, the business he started with a friend in 1975, has become the world’s largest computer software company, and Gates was the world’s youngest billionaire at the age of 31.Тэр 1975 онд найзтайгаа хамтарсан бизнесээ эхэлж “Микрософт” хэмээх дэлхийн хамгийн том компьютерийн программ хангамжийн компанийг байгуулсан ба Гэтс 31-н настайдаа дэлхийн хамгийн залуу тэр бумтан болсон.
His full name is William Henry Gates III, and he was born on 28thOctober, 1955, in Seattle, USA. Түүний бүтэн нэр бол Вильям Хэнри Гэтс III ба тэр Америкийн нэгдсэн улсын Сэтли мужид 1955 оны 10-р сарын 28нд төрсөн.
At school, Bill soon showed that he was very intelligent, and especially good at Maths and Science. Билл дунд сургуульд байхдаа аливаа юмийг богино хугацаанд түргэн сурдаг маш сэргэлэн цовоо, ухаантай хүүхэд байсан ба математик болон шинжлэх ухааны хичээлдээ илүү онцгой сайн хүүхэд байсан.
His parents decided to send him to Lakeside, the private school where he first began to use computers. Эцэг эх нь түүнийг нуурын эрэг дээрх хувийн сургууль руу явуулахаар шийдсэн ба тэр анх тэнд компьютерийн ашиглалт, хэрэглээний талаар сурч эхэлсэн.
13-year-old Bill Gates and his schoolfriend Paul Allen were soon spending all their time writing programs and learning about computers instead of doing their schoolwork! 13-н настай байхдаа Билл Гэтс ба түүний сургуулийн анд Паул Алэн нар сургуулийнхаа дотоод ажлын оронд, компьютерийн талаар судалж, программууд бичдэг байсан ба тэдний бүхий л цаг хугацаа маш хурдан өнгөрдөг байжээ.
After finishing school in 1973, Bill went to Harvard, America’s most famous university. 1973 онд Билл дунд сургуулиа төгсөж, АНУ-ын хамгийн нэр хүндтэй их сургууль болох Харвардад элсэн орсон.
The next year, he and Paul Allen wrote an operating program for the Altair, one of the world’s first microcomputers. Дараа жил нь, Билл ба Паул Ален нар Алтайр хэмээх дэлхийн анхны компьютерийн программ хангамжийг бичсэн юм.
The two friends started Microsoft in 1975, and Gates left Harvard. Гэтс Харвардаас гарч, хоёр найзын хамт 1975онд “Микрософтыг”-ыг байгуулсан.
Before long, Microsoft was a major business success. Удалгүй, Микрософтын гол бизнес нь амжилтыг олсон.
Since then, the company has continued to grow, producing most of the world’s leading PC software.Үүнээс хойш компани улам сайжран, дэлхийн тэргүүлэх программ хангамжийг үйлдвэрлэдэг компани болсон.
One reason for his success is that Gates has always been very ambitious and hardworking. Гэтс үргэлж ажиллах дуртай байдаг нь түүнийг амжилтанд хүргэсэн нэг шалтгаан нь юм.
This has not left him much time for a normal personal life, but in 1994 he married Melinda French, a Microsoft employee, and in 1995 he wrote a best-selling book, The Road Ahead. Түүнд хувийн амьдралдаа зориулах цаг бараг байдаггүй байсан ч тэр 1994онд Микрософтын ажилтан Франц эмэгтэй Мэлиндатай гэрлэсэн, тэр 1995 онд ‘Тэргүүлэх зам’ хэмээх ном бичсэн нь ихээхэн амжилттай бөгөөд эрэлттэй байсан.
Bill has mixed feelings about spending so much time running Microsoft. Билл ‘Микрософтыг авч яваж, удирдахад ихэнх цагаа зарцуулдаг.
“There are lot of experiences I haven’t had, but I do like my job,” he says. “Надад нэг их туршлага байхгүй ч би ажлаа хийх дуртай гэж” тэр хэлсэн.
When he does find time to relax, he likes puzzles, golf and reading about science. Тэр амрах цаг олдвол тэр үгийн сүлжээ бөглөх, гольф тоглох, шинжлэх ухааны ном унших дуртай.
For such a rich person, his life is simple, and he spends little on himself and his family. Түүний амьдрал энгийн ба тэр бусад баян хүмүүсийн адил гэр бүл болон өөртөө бага анхаардаг.
When it comes to helping others, though, Gates is very generous. Гэтс бусдад их тусалдаг ба тэр маш өглөгч хүн.
He has already given huge amounts of money to charity, and says that he plans to give away almost all of his wealth when he retires. Тэр хэлэхдээ тэтгэвэрт гарахдаа бүх хөрөнгөө маш олон ядуу хүмүүст тусламж болгон өгнө гэсэн ба тэр хүмүүнлэгийн байгууллагуудад тусламжаар өгсөн мөнгөний хэмжээ олон.
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My personal Blog: http://bolorcms.com/badaa
Food
Mongolian people are brave courageous, strong. Because they’re likes to eat mutton fat meat. Mongolian people national food is a kind of steamed meat buuz and dumplings, fried meat pie either huushuur, a kind of pastry resembling a cookie fried in butter again barbeque. Mongolian people like national foods.
Huushuur recipes: How to cook Mongolian national food. Almost all foreigners and tourists are interested Mongolian meals, especially buuz and khuushuur. And this is the instruction of how to cook, huushuur at home.
Huushuur/ Fried meat pastries/. Ingredients:
-1kg minced mutton and beef, fat included
-1/2 teaspoon salt
-1 onion, chopped
-4 gloves garlic, crushed
-water, mix these filling ingredients together.
For the dough: 1.4 cups of flour
2.1/2 teaspoon salt
3.water to mix
Mix the dough ingredients together and knead into dough. Divide into smaller pieces and roll these about 3cm in diameter. Cut the rolled flour into 4cm lengths. Take one length of dough and squash it into a circle. Roll it out until it is 8 to 10cm wide. Put 2 ½ dessertspoonsof meat mixture onto one side of your circle, leaving a space around the one corner open and squeeze out the air, then seal the corner.
To cook:
Using 2 liters of cooking oil, heat the oil in a wok, fry three or four pasties at time for 2 minutes each side, until they’re brown and meat is cooked.
Mongolians do also eat cereal, barley and natural fruits and plants native to the country. Out of necessity Mongolians have found creative and ingenious ways to use the milk of all five of the domestic animals in the country: sheep, cattle, goats, camels and horses. Orom is the cream that forms on top of boiled milk, aaruul, are dried curds and can be seen baking in the sun on top of gers in the summer, eetsgii is the dried cheese; airag is fermented milk of mares(female horses); nermel, is the home-brewed vodka that packs a punch; tarag, is the sour yogurt, shar tos, melted butter from curds and orom, and tsagaan tos, boiled orom mixed with sometimes flour, natural fruits or eezgii. The method of drying the dairy products is common in preparing them. The Mongolians prepare enough dairy products for the long winter and spring.
Since 1997 Mongolians have seen a substantial increase in the variety and quantity of imported foods, many of which were only thought of as exotic 10 years ago. Since the start of 1999 the Soviet-style market stalls now compete against western-style supermarkets, with trolleys and shelves proudly saying “Made in Mongolia”. In markets like Dalai Eej, Dorvon Uul, Food Land and Mercury it is possible to buy delicious prepared and canned foods, candies, biscuits, and unknown and unused before by Mongolians, products like oranges, bananas, plums and American chickens.
On top of the canteens and cafes serving Mongolian food, there are now many restaurants, canteens, bakeries and tea shops which serve meals fro Russia, Italy, India, China, Japan, Korea, England, France, and Turkey. Most of these restaurants are located in the capital, Ulaanbaatar. Mongolians have taken to the new tastes.”I think Mongolians like roasted chicken and fish when they go to the foreign sit-down restaurants, and hot dogs and pizzas in the fast foods shops. Both were dining in the Seoul restaurant, and are happy they can go out for food: “it is a very good thing that there are opening a lot of restaurants where friends and family can go and enjoy food in comfort.”
Diminutive advice:
Dressed Crab. Cooked brown and white crabmeat Lemon juice Parsley Salt Cayenne pepper Breadcrumbs Crabshell and claws
Add one tablespoon fresh breadcrumbs to brown meat. Season with salt, pepper, lemon juice and chopped parsley. Pack into shell. Season white crabmeat with salt, pepper and lemon juice. Place in centre of shell ( so surrounded by brown crabmeat). Decorate with parsley and garnish with small crab claws.
Oysters
Open with oyster knife. Remove top shell. Arrange on crushed ice and serve with lemon and cayenne pepper.
Lancashire hotpot. 6thick lamb chops 2 lamb kidneys 6 medium onions 6 medium potatoes 12 oysters or field mushrooms Pepper, salt, bay leaf
Trim chops. Lay on base of deep round pot. Place a layer each of chopped onions, skinned and quartered kidneys and oysters or mushrooms over chops. Add seasoning. Top hotpot with final layer of sliced potatoes. Add ½ litre of water. Sprinkle with salt, put lid on and simmer in oven for1 ½ hours at C. Remove lid and cook for further 1 hour at 160 C to brown top.
“All Things, for All People, Everywhere”
“Enter a Different World”, it says on the doormant, and this is what you do when you visit Harrods in Knightsbridge, London. Harrods is “the world’s most celebrated store”, says Chairman Mr.Mohamed Al Fayed.
In the beginning, though, Harrods was just a small grocer’s shop. It was opened in 1849 and run by Charles Henry Harrod. His son took over and added medicines and perfumes, as well as fruit, flowers, sweets and a van delivery service.
Over the years, Harrods has survived a fire, two World Wars and even two bombings. In 1983, Harrods moved abroad and opened a branch in Japan and later others in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, as well as airport shops in most major European cities.
Today, around 35,000 people visit Harrods every day. It has got 300 departments spread over seven floors and employs over 4,000 staff. It also has eight doormen, known as ‘Green Men’, as well as its own fire brigade, security personnel, doctors and nurses.
Harrods is the official supplier of certain goods to the Royal Family, and sells everything from clothes to caviar. The Food Halls are still the heart and soul of Harrods. In addition to the nineteen bars and restaurants in the store, there is a bank, a travel agent’s, a dry cleaner’s and the biggest hair and beauty salon in Europe.
January and July are very busy months for Harrods because they are sale times. Over 300,000 customers visit the store on the first day alone. Many people sleep outside the store all night to be first in when the doors open on the first day.
“All things, for all people, everywhere” is the store’s motto. The Harrods name means the best of British quality, service and style. All in all, Harrods is a fascinating place to visit.
The Naadam
The three manly games (Eriin gurvan naadam) have been highlight
of any big holiday or ceremony. The Naadam is a ceremony that
combines sports, traditions, customs and arts.
Though the Naadam has been celebrated for ages, its composition
and form has hardly changed. There are three main components of
the Naadam; horse race, wrestling and archery. The horse race,
wrestling and archery follow strict regulations. The winners of
wrestling, horse races and archery competition are granted
exquisite titles.
Wrestling is probably the major attraction of the games. Mongolian wrestlers wear a special costume that allows the wrestlers to feel comfortable and help them to get a good grip during the matches. It consists of a hat, small shorts (shuudag), a vest like top with long sleeves (zodog) and heavy boots. Mongolian wrestling has no weight divisions and no time limit. When one of the participants touches the ground with his knee, elbow or any other part of the body, he loses the contest. Before the match begins the wrestlers perform a ritual dance called “deveh”, or an eagle dance.
During the Naadam, contest winners are bestowed titles after five victories: the title of a Falcon is granted for winning five rounds, after seven victories it is an Elephant, and a Lion for winning five tournament. When victories are repeated, more adornments are added to the glorious titles.
Another important part of the Naadam is horse racing. Preparation for horse racing starts long before the tournaments: the best and fastest horses are kept on a strict diet and carefully tamed every day the horses exercise participating races. Horse racing distances differ depending on the ago of horses: for example, kith naps (six and seven year olds ) horses go for up to 25-30 km. The races take place in the open countryside, so there are no specially prepared tracks.
The riders are 6-8 year old children. The hore that wins the race is title “Tumnii ekh” (the First of Ten Thousand). The five winning riders and trainers receive some special drinks of airag. Airag is also sprinkled on the horses heads and backsides.
Archery was a necessary skill for the Mongolians in the today? Used for hunting and later for fighting. Now it is one of the Naadam games Archers shoot small targets from 75-80 moderns. When archer hits the target he or she (women participate in the archery) is hooknose with a special song (uuhai). The judges standing near the forgetting uuhai. The archery contest winners are declared “mergen” the west archer.
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Cooler—хөргөгч, хүйтэн ундаа
People like to drink cooler in summer.
Хүмүүс зуны улиралд хүйтэн ундаа уух дуртай.
Compass—луужин, гортиг, цар хүрээ
This compass is bearing.
Энэ луужин зүг чигийг зааж байна.
Sail(n)—онгоцны далбаа,
далбаат завиар хийх аялал
(v)хөвөх усан онгоцоор аялах
Mountain—уул
Otgontenger is mountain with deathless snow.
Отгонтэнгэр нь мөнхийн цастай уул.
Strech—сунгах, сунах, тэлэх, татах, суниах
The shoes will strech after you’ve worn them a few times.
Хэдэн удаа өмсөхөд л гутал сунана шүү дээ.
Starry—одод түгсэн, одтой, од шиг гялалзсан
A starry winter sky.
Одод түгсэн өвлийн шөнө.
Hurt(n) —сэтгэл санааны өвчин, зовиур гомдол
(v)шалбалах, гэмтээх, өвтгөн зовоох
Did you hurt yourself?
Та гэмтээчихгүй биз?
Ouch! That hurts.
Ёо ёо! Ямар аймар өвтгөдөг
юм бэ
Hole—нүх, цоорхой, үүр
I don’t know why you want to live here-it’s a dreadful hole.
Ийм заавал нүхэнд суух гэж дурлаад байгаа учрыг чинь би ер нь ойлгохгүй байна.
Tail—сүүл
The cats wagged its tail with pleasure.
Муур сүүлээ хөдөлгөв.
Enomous—асар том, үлэмж, аварга
An enomous amount of world.
Асар том дэлхий ертөнц.
Worry—сэтгэлийн зовнил, сэтгэл зовоосон зүйл
She has a lot of financial worryies at the moment.
г одоо бол тэр мөнгө төгрөгийн бэрхшээлтэй олон асуудалд орчихоод байгаа.
Python—аварга могой
Usually pythons live in south-east Asia, Australia and Africa.
Ихэвчлэн аварга могойнууд зүүн хойд Ази ба Африк, Австралид амьдардаг.
Rain—бороо
It is raining at the moment.
Яг одоо бороо орж байна.
The Internet: FAQs
(Frequently Asked Questions)
Интернэт:-д (олон дахин гардаг асуултуудын хариулт)
The internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history. Интернэт бол эргэлзэх зүйлгүй түүхэн дэх хамгийн том онцгой нээлтүүдийн нэг юм.
It was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists. Үүнийг 1968 онд АНУ-н засгийн газар эхлүүлсэн бөгөөд анхандаа интернэтийг зөвхөн эрдэмтэд, шинжлэх ухааны ажилчид хэрэглэж байсан.
Since 1990, when the World Wide Web was created, it has changed the world, and its uses are growing every day. 1990 оноос хойш Дэлхийн Өргөн Сүлжээ интернэт тархсан бөгөөд энэ нь дэлхийг ертөнцийг өөрчилж, өдөр бүр хэрэглээ нь улам бүр өсөн нэмэгдэж байна.
1.The internet is a network (several networks, in fact) of millions of computers around the world, connected by phone lines, satellite or cable, so that all the computers on the net can exchange information with each other. Интернэт бол дэлхийг бүрхсэн олон сая сая компьютерүүдийн хэд хэдэн сүлжээнүүд, үүнтэй утасны шугамаар, сансрын кабелиар холбогддог бөгөөд энэ торон сүлжээгээр дэлхийн хүмүүс өөр хоорондоо мэдээллээ солилцдог.
2.The internet links computers, and the World Wide Web is a system which links the imformation stored inside these computers. Интернэт нь компьютерүүдийг хооронд нь холбодог, ба дэлхийг холбосон торон сүлжээ нь компьютерүүдийн дотор хадгалагдсан мэдээллийг холбодог систем юм.
3.A company or organization stores its information in electronic documents on one of the Internet computers, somewhere in the world. Компани эсвэл байгууллага мэдээллээ электрон баримт бичигээр дэлхийн хаа сайгүй интернэтэд байршуулдаг.
This computer space¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ — the company’s web site — has an address, in the same way that every telephone has a number. Компьютерт байршуулсан компаний вэб сайтад байнгын хаяг, утасны дугаар нь байдаг.
To visit a web site, you simply enter the address. Вэб сайтаар зочилохдоо, та эхлээд хаяагаа оруулна.
Your computer is connected to the web site, a document is downloaded, and a page appears on your computer screen. Та компьютераар вэб сайтад холбогдоход баримт бичигүүд хуудас байдлаар дэлгэцэн дээр харагддаг.
4.When you visit a web site looking for information, some words on the page may be underlined, showing that there is more information about the subject in another document. Таныг мэдээлэл хайхаар вэб сайтад ороход хуудсан дээр доогуураа зураастай зарим онцолсон үгнүүд байх бөгөөд энэ үг нь цаанаа таны хайж буй мэдээллийн тухай илүү их мэдээллийг агуулсан байдаг.
If you click on one these words, the Web automatically connects your computer to a new document or web site, even if this is stored thousands of kilometres away. Хэрвээ та энэ үгэн дээр дарах юм бол дэлхийн хаана ч, хэдэн мянган километрийн цаана байсан ч сүлжээ автоматаар таны компьютерийг шинэ баримттай эсвэл вэб сайттай холбодог.
You’re surfing the net! Та сүлжээнд холбогдож байна!
5.The main use of the Internet is to find information – for your schoolwork or job, or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events. Интернэтийг гол нь хичээллийн талаар болон ажил, өөрийн сонирхолын талаар болон сүүлийн үеийн мэдээлэл хайхад ашигладаг.
You can also use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines, play games, plan your holiday or buy things from your favourite shop. Интернэтийг ашигласнаар та сонин, сэтгүүл унших, тоглоом тоглох, амралтаа төлөвлөх эсвэл дэлгүүрээс дуртай зүйлээ худалдаж авах зэрэг хүссэн зүйлээ интернэтээс авч чадна.
E – mail makes it possible to send electronic messages anywhere in the world in seconds, and you can use the Internet to ‘chat’ with people and make new friends. И-мэйлээр дэлхийн хаана ч байсан хэдхэн секундын дотор электрон шуудан явуулах боломжтой ба интернэтээр хүмүүстэй чалчиж шинэ найзтай болж болно.
6.If you don’t already use the Internet, all you need to get started is a computer, a modem and a phone line. Хэрвээ та урьд нь интернэт хэрэглэж байгаагүй бол эхлээд компьютероо модем ба утасныхаа шугамтайгааыыы холбох хэрэгтэй.
Using the Internet is getting cheaper and easier all the time. Интернэтийг ямар ч цагт хэрэглэхэд хялбар ба хямд төсөр болж байна.0
Are you ready to surf the net? Та интернэтэд холбогдоход бэлэн үү?
There’s a whole exciting Internet world out there waiting for you! Таныг интернэтийн гайхамшигтай ертөнц хүлээж байна!
The Pros and Cons of Using the Internet
1.Advertisements for the Internet promise you a world of information, entertainment, on – line shopping and e – mail services. Интернэтийн зар сурталчилгаа нь мэдээлэл, и-мэйл болон онлайн дэлгүүрийн үйлчилгээг олж авахад чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг.
However the real world of the Internet may not be as perfect as the advertisements suggest. Хэдий тийм боловч интернэтийн бодит ертөнц зар сурталчилгаа шиг төгс сайхан биш.
2.Using the Internet offers many advantages. Интернэтийн хэрэглээ нь олон давуу талуудтай.
For example, all of the latest information is available to you, in your home, at any hour of the day or night. Жишээ нь, та бүх сүүлийн үеийн мэдээлэлийг өдөр шөнийн аль ч цагт гэрээсээ авах боломжтой.
It is much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries. Интернэтээр аялснаар дэлхийн олон орны мэдээллийг маш хялбархан, түргэн шуурхай авах боломжтой.
Firstly, on – line shopping makes it possible to search through catalogues to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. Нэгдүгээрт, онлайн дэлгүүрийн үйлчилгээгээр та катологоос хүссэн зүйлээ тохирсон үнээр нь авч цаг мөнгөө хэмнэх болно.
By joining a newsgroup or chat group, you can share your hobbies and special interests, and perhaps make friends all over the world. Дэлхийн олон орны хүмүүстэй та чатаар өөрийн сонирхол болон хоббигоо хуваалцан олон найз нөхөдтэй болж болно.
Finally, e – mail is popular because it faster than sending a letter and cheaper than a telephone conversation. Эцэст нь и-мэйл бол захиа явуулахаас хурдан ба утасны ярианаас хямдхан байдаг.
3.On the other hand, the Internet has several disadvantages. Интернэтэд зарим нэг сул тал байдаг.
Also, with so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. Мөн хорин дөрвөн цагийн альнд ч та хүссэн мэдээллээ хангалттай авах боломжтой.
Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video are attractive, but they make downloading slow and boring. Мултимедиа вэб хуудас нь фото зураг, хөгжим, видео бичлэг зэргийг багтаасан байдаг ч үүнийг татаж авахад удаан, уйтгартай байдаг.
What is more, there is too much advertising instead of real information. Үүнээс гадна тэнд бодитой мэдээллийн оронд зар сурталчилгаанууд их байдаг.
As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer making ‘chat friends’is not the same as actually meeting people. Интернэтийн найзууд, гэртээ компьютерийн ард суугаад чатны найзуудтай болох нь яг хүнтэй уулзахтай адилхан биш байдаг.
4.In conclusion, the Internet obviously has both good and bad points. Дүгнэж хэлэхэд, интернэт муу ч талтай бас сайн ч талтай байдаг.
Fortunately, the system is improving all the time, and any problems which still exist can be solved. Хэдий тийм боловч, систем нь цаг бүрт улам бүр сайжирч, асуудалууд нь багасч шийдвэрлэгдэж чадаж байгаа.
Whether we like it or not, the Internet is here to stay, so we have to make the best possible use of it. Интернэт бол бидний хамгийн чухал хэрэглээ байсаар байх болно.
The Internet: FAQs
(Frequently Asked Questions)
Интернэт:-д (олон дахин гардаг асуултуудын хариулт)
The internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history. Интернэт бол эргэлзэх зүйлгүй түүхэн дэх хамгийн том онцгой нээлтүүдийн нэг юм.
It was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists. Үүнийг 1968 онд АНУ-н засгийн газар эхлүүлсэн бөгөөд анхандаа интернэтийг зөвхөн эрдэмтэд, шинжлэх ухааны ажилчид хэрэглэж байсан.
Since 1990, when the World Wide Web was created, it has changed the world, and its uses are growing every day. 1990 оноос хойш Дэлхийн Өргөн Сүлжээ интернэт тархсан бөгөөд энэ нь дэлхийг ертөнцийг өөрчилж, өдөр бүр хэрэглээ нь улам бүр өсөн нэмэгдэж байна.
1.The internet is a network (several networks, in fact) of millions of computers around the world, connected by phone lines, satellite or cable, so that all the computers on the net can exchange information with each other. Интернэт бол дэлхийг бүрхсэн олон сая сая компьютерүүдийн хэд хэдэн сүлжээнүүд, үүнтэй утасны шугамаар, сансрын кабелиар холбогддог бөгөөд энэ торон сүлжээгээр дэлхийн хүмүүс өөр хоорондоо мэдээллээ солилцдог.
2.The internet links computers, and the World Wide Web is a system which links the imformation stored inside these computers. Интернэт нь компьютерүүдийг хооронд нь холбодог, ба дэлхийг холбосон торон сүлжээ нь компьютерүүдийн дотор хадгалагдсан мэдээллийг холбодог систем юм.
3.A company or organization stores its information in electronic documents on one of the Internet computers, somewhere in the world. Компани эсвэл байгууллага мэдээллээ электрон баримт бичигээр дэлхийн хаа сайгүй интернэтэд байршуулдаг.
This computer space¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ — the company’s web site — has an address, in the same way that every telephone has a number. Компьютерт байршуулсан компаний вэб сайтад байнгын хаяг, утасны дугаар нь байдаг.
To visit a web site, you simply enter the address. Вэб сайтаар зочилохдоо, та эхлээд хаяагаа оруулна.
Your computer is connected to the web site, a document is downloaded, and a page appears on your computer screen. Та компьютераар вэб сайтад холбогдоход баримт бичигүүд хуудас байдлаар дэлгэцэн дээр харагддаг.
4.When you visit a web site looking for information, some words on the page may be underlined, showing that there is more information about the subject in another document. Таныг мэдээлэл хайхаар вэб сайтад ороход хуудсан дээр доогуураа зураастай зарим онцолсон үгнүүд байх бөгөөд энэ үг нь цаанаа таны хайж буй мэдээллийн тухай илүү их мэдээллийг агуулсан байдаг.
If you click on one these words, the Web automatically connects your computer to a new document or web site, even if this is stored thousands of kilometres away. Хэрвээ та энэ үгэн дээр дарах юм бол дэлхийн хаана ч, хэдэн мянган километрийн цаана байсан ч сүлжээ автоматаар таны компьютерийг шинэ баримттай эсвэл вэб сайттай холбодог.
You’re surfing the net! Та сүлжээнд холбогдож байна!
5.The main use of the Internet is to find information – for your schoolwork or job, or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events. Интернэтийг гол нь хичээллийн талаар болон ажил, өөрийн сонирхолын талаар болон сүүлийн үеийн мэдээлэл хайхад ашигладаг.
You can also use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines, play games, plan your holiday or buy things from your favourite shop. Интернэтийг ашигласнаар та сонин, сэтгүүл унших, тоглоом тоглох, амралтаа төлөвлөх эсвэл дэлгүүрээс дуртай зүйлээ худалдаж авах зэрэг хүссэн зүйлээ интернэтээс авч чадна.
E – mail makes it possible to send electronic messages anywhere in the world in seconds, and you can use the Internet to ‘chat’ with people and make new friends. И-мэйлээр дэлхийн хаана ч байсан хэдхэн секундын дотор электрон шуудан явуулах боломжтой ба интернэтээр хүмүүстэй чалчиж шинэ найзтай болж болно.
6.If you don’t already use the Internet, all you need to get started is a computer, a modem and a phone line. Хэрвээ та урьд нь интернэт хэрэглэж байгаагүй бол эхлээд компьютероо модем ба утасныхаа шугамтайгааыыы холбох хэрэгтэй.
Using the Internet is getting cheaper and easier all the time. Интернэтийг ямар ч цагт хэрэглэхэд хялбар ба хямд төсөр болж байна.0
Are you ready to surf the net? Та интернэтэд холбогдоход бэлэн үү?
There’s a whole exciting Internet world out there waiting for you! Таныг интернэтийн гайхамшигтай ертөнц хүлээж байна!
The Pros and Cons of Using the Internet
1.Advertisements for the Internet promise you a world of information, entertainment, on – line shopping and e – mail services. Интернэтийн зар сурталчилгаа нь мэдээлэл, и-мэйл болон онлайн дэлгүүрийн үйлчилгээг олж авахад чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг.
However the real world of the Internet may not be as perfect as the advertisements suggest. Хэдий тийм боловч интернэтийн бодит ертөнц зар сурталчилгаа шиг төгс сайхан биш.
2.Using the Internet offers many advantages. Интернэтийн хэрэглээ нь олон давуу талуудтай.
For example, all of the latest information is available to you, in your home, at any hour of the day or night. Жишээ нь, та бүх сүүлийн үеийн мэдээлэлийг өдөр шөнийн аль ч цагт гэрээсээ авах боломжтой.
It is much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries. Интернэтээр аялснаар дэлхийн олон орны мэдээллийг маш хялбархан, түргэн шуурхай авах боломжтой.
Firstly, on – line shopping makes it possible to search through catalogues to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. Нэгдүгээрт, онлайн дэлгүүрийн үйлчилгээгээр та катологоос хүссэн зүйлээ тохирсон үнээр нь авч цаг мөнгөө хэмнэх болно.
By joining a newsgroup or chat group, you can share your hobbies and special interests, and perhaps make friends all over the world. Дэлхийн олон орны хүмүүстэй та чатаар өөрийн сонирхол болон хоббигоо хуваалцан олон найз нөхөдтэй болж болно.
Finally, e – mail is popular because it faster than sending a letter and cheaper than a telephone conversation. Эцэст нь и-мэйл бол захиа явуулахаас хурдан ба утасны ярианаас хямдхан байдаг.
3.On the other hand, the Internet has several disadvantages. Интернэтэд зарим нэг сул тал байдаг.
Also, with so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. Мөн хорин дөрвөн цагийн альнд ч та хүссэн мэдээллээ хангалттай авах боломжтой.
Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video are attractive, but they make downloading slow and boring. Мултимедиа вэб хуудас нь фото зураг, хөгжим, видео бичлэг зэргийг багтаасан байдаг ч үүнийг татаж авахад удаан, уйтгартай байдаг.
What is more, there is too much advertising instead of real information. Үүнээс гадна тэнд бодитой мэдээллийн оронд зар сурталчилгаанууд их байдаг.
As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer making ‘chat friends’is not the same as actually meeting people. Интернэтийн найзууд, гэртээ компьютерийн ард суугаад чатны найзуудтай болох нь яг хүнтэй уулзахтай адилхан биш байдаг.
4.In conclusion, the Internet obviously has both good and bad points. Дүгнэж хэлэхэд, интернэт муу ч талтай бас сайн ч талтай байдаг.
Fortunately, the system is improving all the time, and any problems which still exist can be solved. Хэдий тийм боловч, систем нь цаг бүрт улам бүр сайжирч, асуудалууд нь багасч шийдвэрлэгдэж чадаж байгаа.
Whether we like it or not, the Internet is here to stay, so we have to make the best possible use of it. Интернэт бол бидний хамгийн чухал хэрэглээ байсаар байх болно.
Janraisig – The great shrine of Mongolians
Janraisig can be called the classical oriental architecture at the end of the 19-th century and the beginning of 20-th century of Mongolia. It is interpreted as an opener of wisdom eyes.
A great image of Migjid Janraisig was brought into Mongolia between 1911-1913 for the first time. In 1911, eye-sight of Bogd Javzandamba, the head of the government and religion-worsened, so he decreed to construct the statue of Migjid Janraisig. When the statue erected under the Bogd prayer, the struggle for Mongolian national independence and freedom ran its peak. But 25 years after many monasteries and historical things were destroyed by the political turmoil. In 1938, Red Russian soldiers placed around of Gandan Tegchilen monastery. At the time the statue of Janraisig was disappeared unknowingly. But it is said that some people have seen that Russian soldiers had transported it, by making it into many parts. However, empty temple remained a revived by luck. In 1978, there was a resolution of Tsedenbal, the head of government and party, deciding to recreate some historical buildings. One of them was the temple of Janraisig but the statue was not on repair again actually.
Almost 80 years have passed since 1911, the statue was constructed on April 20, 1911, the president P. Ochirbat decreed to re-erect the statue of Migjid Janraisig, the great shrine of Mongols. The programme of creating the statue was supported by mass of Mongols. The artists made a bold push and did their best.
The body of the Janraisig statue was castled from 20 tons of pure copper of Erdenet Mountain within 5 years. It’s height is 26.5 meters and 90 cm higher than the old statue of Janraisig. It was glided with 26 kg sterling gold, studded with the most precious stones in 25 kg silver. The tree a spirit of Migjid Janraisig was brought from Bogd Dunjingarav Mountain. The adornment of the statue consists of 7 colored Indian brocade and 500m of pure silk, adornment of the crown there are 2000 precious stones. There is ambrosia which placed in the body of the statue; 27 tones of medical herbs, 334 Buddist sudars whole ger’s furniture, horse headed friddle, thousands tones of flour and grains, clothes of well known Buddist saints and 9 kinds precious stones and etc.
Migjid Janraisig statue was erected standing on it’s legs among the foliage of lotus flower. It’s two forehands are symbolic of secret spell of the religion and the other two hands held a pitcher, contained holy water and a mirror in order to see all in the world. Whole statue with 1000 Ayush gods, surrounding it, symbolizes a government, having a wise policy and peaceful, friendly life.
Exercise 1. Choose the correct one
1. 2. 3.b 4. 5.b 6. 7. 8. 9.b 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.a 16. 17.b 18.c 19.a 20.
21. 22.a 23.a 24.c 25. 26.a 27.c 28.a 29. 30.c
31.a 32. 33. 34.c 35.c 36. 37.b 38.c
Exercise 2. Choose the correct word to fill in the sentence.
1. make 2. Produce 3. smoke 4. fumes 5. easily
6. hardly 7. freezing 8. cold 9. repaired 10. saved
Exercise 3. How quickly can you match the words and the descriptions?
1.k 2.l 3.b 4.m 5.a 6.j 7.n
8.c 9.h 10.i 11.g 12.e 13.f 14.d
Exercise 3. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
1. Diana said to Mark Paul was wearing black sunglasses.
2. Bill said he would buy a newspaper.
3. Clive said George had eaten all the chocolates!
4. Tom asked Sam what his favourite color.
5. Anna asked Claire
Exercise 4. Match these words with their opposites.
1. d 2. e 3. f 4. i 5. j
6. a 7. b 8. g 9.c 10.h
Exercise 5. Complete the short dialogues with phrases
from the list.
1.d 2.b 3.e 4.a 5.c
Read the following text and choose the correct answer.
1.a 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.a
6. 7. 8.d 9.b 10.a
Mini test 6
Exercise 1. Choose the right one
1.a 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.a 9.a 10.b
11.b 12.b 13.a 14.c 15.b 16.c 17.b 18.b 19.a 20.c
21.b 22.b 23.b 24.b 25.a 26.b 27.b 28.b 29.c 30.a
31.a 32.a 33.b 34.c 35.b 36.b 37.c 38.c 39.a 40.b
41.c 42.c 43.b 44.b 45.b 46.a 47.a 48.c 49.a
Exercise 2. Turn the following sentences into reported speech.
1. ” Pass me a bowl!” – She told Jerry.
2. “ Get me some eggs some the fridge”- she told Susie.
3. “ Don’t forget to wash your hands!”- our mother told us.
4. “ Don’t give him any sweets!”- mrs. Cross told her dog sitter.
5. “ Fed him twice a day!”- mrs. Cross told her dog sitter.
Exercise 3. Underline the correct word.
1. how a lovely surprise
2. how awful
3. what wonderful
4. what proud you must be!
5. what an excellent student she must be!
Exercise 4. Choose the correct question tag.
1. aren’t you 2.doesn’t she 3.did you 4.hasn’t she
5.won’t you 6.have you 7.isn’t she 8.can’t I
9.hadn’t they 10.didn’t he
Exercise 5. Cross out the unnecessary word.
1.me 2.been 3. did 4. was 5.
Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.
1.e 2.d 3.a
4.c 5.f 6.b
Reading
1.a 2.b 3.c 4. 5.c
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