Welcome to Mongolia
Mongolia is a beautiful country with a rich culture, just north of China. People call it “the heart of Asia” for a good reason. Beauty in the nature is seen everywhere. Nature is full of color. Plants, animals, birds, flowers, mountains and forest have many beautiful colors. Mongolia has several mountain ranges. Some parts of our country are covered with mountains, they are Altai, Hangai and Hentii. And Mongolia has many rivers and lakes. Selenge is the longest river in Mongolia. Our country is very rich in mineral resources such as copper coal, iron and gold. If you travel around Mongolia, you will see beautiful nature, blue sky, sunshine or even pristine nature. There are many nature sights of interest for tourists.The capital city of Mongolia is Ulaanbaatar. It’s situated between four mountains. The name of city have been changed many times. It was Urguu, Nomiin Huree, Eh Huree, Daa Huree, Niislel Huree. So the name of city was changed to Ulaanbaatar in 1924. Today Ulaanbaatar’s population is over 1 million and built many modern large constructions.
Mongolia has four seasons. It’s winter, spring, summer and autumn. Winter is very cold and snowy in Mongolia. The days are short, the nights are long. Everything looks white. And spring is usually dusty and windy. Summer is the nicest season in Mongolia. Weather gets hot and sometimes rain. Autumn weather is sunny and cool!!!
The Mongolian people are good-looking. They have got black hair, brown eyes and yellow skin. But skin is usually brown and white. The Mongolians are friendly, brave and sensible people who are well known for being generous and kind.
The food is usually meat and milk. Mongolians drink milk tea with salt. Sometimes it is cooked with a rice and flour. Airag is probably the most favorite drink of Mongolia. Meat has always been an important food of the Mongolia. People are cooking a food with meat. And people drink milk tea with boortsog in the morning.
There are some important things you should know about Mongolia, of you plan to visit the country. The tourist season is from May to early October. June and September are more suitable times to visit. You can buy maps of the country or cities in Ulaanbaatar. You should not forget to bring a portable stove, warm clothes, a sleeping bag, a waterbottle. Warm clothes will need in the evening because they sometimes can be chilly.
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From Rags to Riches
Шалбаагнаас сансарт...
Liza Smythe is a successfull British singer. Лиза смаядэ бол Британы азтай дуучин юм. Her smiling face appears on the covers of internatioinal magazines, and every year she travels to many different parts of the world to perform concerts for millions of fans. Түүний инээмсэглэх царай үндэсний сэтгүүлийн нүүрэнд байлаг ба тэрээр жил бүр өөр өөр газраар аялан дэлхийн сая сая фэнүүддээ тоглолтоо тавьдаг.
However, life used to be very different for this bright young star from Liverpool. Лиза Ливэрпүүлээс залуухан гялалзсан од болон гарч амьдралаа шинээр өөрчилж чаджээ. “Eight years ago ,” says Liza, “I lived in a small terraced house with my parents and three brothers. Тэрээр хэлэхдээ найман жилийн өмнө би эцэг эх гурван дүүгийн хамт амьдардаг байсан. It was very cramped! Энэ их давчуухан! We didn’t have a lot of money, so I used to work as a cleaner at the local hospital to make ends meet. Бидэнд мөнгө хүрэлцдэггүй байсан учраас амь зуух мөнгөө би орон нутгийн эмнэлэгт цэвэрлэгч хийж олдог байсан. I used to buy my clothes from second-hand shops. Би хувцасаа хуучин хувцасны дэлгүүрээс авдаг байсан. I was quite plump back then, because I liked eating chips and chocolate. Би их тарган байсан, яагаад гэвэл би шоколад хатаасан төмс идэх дуртай байсан. In my free time I used to sing in the college choir or go for walks on the beach. Чөлөөт цагаараа би коллежийн найрал дуунд дуулах эсвэл далайн эргээр алхах дуртай байсан. I didn’t use to go to clubs because they were very expensive. Би клубрүү ерөөсөө явдаггүй байсань яагаад гэвэл тэнд их үнэтэй. I used to listen to the radio a lot, though. Би дандаа радио сонсдог байсан. I learnt all the words to every pop song and people hired me to sing at parties. Би бүх поп дууны үгийг суран үдэшлэг дээр хөлсөөр дуулдаг байсан. My friends liked my voice a lot, so they persuaded me to send a cassette to a record company. Миний найзууд дууг минь сонсох дуртай байсан ба тэд намайг дуу бичлэгийн компани руу хуурцгаа илгээ гэж ятгадаг байсан. That’s how it all started for me. Энэ нь намайг нээж өгсөн. Three weeks later, I received a phone call from the company and my life changed completely.” Гурван долоо хоногийн дараа дуу бичлэгийн компаниас надруу залгаснаар миний амьдрал бүхэлдээ өөрчлөгдсөн.
Liza’s lifestyle has changed a lot since those days in Liverpool. Ливэрпүүлийн тэр нэг өдрөөс хойш Лизагийн амьдрал өөрчлөгдсөн. “I think I’m very lucky to lead the life I do today. Би их азтай байсан ба өөрийн амьдралаа зөв жолоодсон учраас би хийж чадсан гэж боддог. It’s not easy, though, because I don’t have the privacy that I used to have. Энэ тийм ч хялбар байгаагүй, яагаад гэвэл надад тайван мөч байгаагүй ба надад их хэрэгтэй байсан. Still, I have a lovely family and a very promising career. Гэвч миний гэр бүл ажлынхан маань намйиг дэмждэг байсан. What else could I ask for?” she says. Би чамаас өөр юу асуух вэ?” гэж тэр хэлсэн.
Today, Liza lives in a large house with a big garden just outside London with her husband and young daughter. Өнөөдөр Лиза Лондонгийн гаднаа том цэцэрлэгт хүрээлэнтэй сүрлэг байшинд өөрийн нөхөр охины хамт амьдарч байна. She is much slimmer now, and looks very elegant in her chic designer clothes. Тэр одоо маш гуалиг болсон ба түүний хувийн загвар зохиогчийн хийсэн хувцас түүнийг их дэгжин харагдуулдаг. She is constantly on a diet and goes to the gym every day to keep her body in shape. Тэр өдөр бүр гимнастикаар хичээллэн хоолны дэглэм сахин өөрийн галбираа хадгалдаг. In her free time she enjoys going to the theatre or to parties. Чөлөөт цагаараа тэр театр юмуу үдэшлэгт очин цагийг зугаатай өнгөрөөх дуртай.
Welcome to Mongolia
Mongolia is beautiful country with a rich culture, just north of China. People call it “the heart of Asia” for a good reason. Beauty in the nature is seen everywhere. Nature is full of color. Plants, animals, birds, flowers, mountains and forest have many beautiful colors. Mongolia has several mountain ranges. Some parts of our country are covered with mountains are Altai, Hangai, Hentii. And Mongolia has many rivers and lakes. Selenge is longest river in Mongolia. Our country is very rich in mineral resources such as copper coal, iron and gold. If you travel around Mongolia, you will see beautiful nature, blue sky, sunshine or even pristine nature. There are many nature sights of interest for tourists.
The capital city of Mongolia is Ulaanbaatar. It’s situated between four mountains. The name of city changed many times. It was Urguu, Nomiin Huree, Eh Huree, Daa Huree, Niislel Huree. So the name of city was changed to Ulaanbaatar in 1924. Today Ulaanbaatar’s population is over 1 million and built many modern large constructions.
The Mongolia has a four seasons. It’s winter, spring, summer and autumn. Winter is very cold and snow in Mongolia. The days are short, the nights are long. Everything looks white. And spring is usually dusty and windy. Summer is the nice season in Mongolia. Weather gets hot and sometimes rain. Autumn weather is sunny and cool!!!
The Mongolian people are good-looking. They have got black hair, brown eyes and yellow skin. But skin is usually brown and white. The Mongolians are friendly, brave and sensible people who are well known for being generous and kind.
The food is usually meat and milk. Mongolians drink milk tea with salt. Sometimes cooked with a rice and flour. Airag is probably most favorite drink of Mongolia. Meat has always been an important food of the Mongolia. People are cooking a food by meat. And people drink milk tea with boortsog in the morning.
There are some important things you should know about Mongolia, of you plan to visit the country. The tourist season is from May to early October. June and September are more times to visit. You can by maps of the country or cities in Ulaanbaatar. You should not forget to bring a portable stove, warm clothes, a sleeping bag, a waterbottle. Warm clothes will need in the evening because they sometimes can be chilly.
Past Perfect Tense
( I had done )
Өнгөрсөн хугацаанд болсон хоёр үйлийн нэг нь нөгөөгийн өмнө болсон юм гэсэн санааг илгэхэд энэ цагийг хэрэглэнэ.
Жишээ нь: 1. Ganhuyag went to the party at 10:30. So, when i arrived at 11:00 o’clock, Ganhuyag wasn’t here.
Ганхуяг 10:30д үдэшлэгт явсан. Намайг 11:00д ирэхэд тэр тэнд байхгүй байсан.
When i arrived at the party, tom wasn’t there. He had gone home.
Намайг үдэшлэг дээр ирэхэд тэр тэнд байхгүй байсан. Тэр гэрлүүгээ явчихсан байсан.
a) The past perfect with had + the past participle ( gone/opened/written etc.).
Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past:
- I arrived at the party.
We use the past perfect to say that something had already happened before this time:
- When i arrived at the party, Azaa had already go home.
Here are some more example:
- When i got home, i found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat.
- Enhuush didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice.
- It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because i hadn’t flown before.
b) The past perfect ( I had done ) is the past of the present perfect ( I have done ). Compare these situations:
Present
I’m not hungry. I’ve just bad lunch.
The house is dirty. We haven’t cleaned it for weeks. Past
I wasn’t hungry. I’d just had lunch.
The house was dirty. We hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.
Environment
Mongolia’s natural environment remains in good shape compared with that of many other countries. We must protect our environment. There are many big and small rivers, green forest, high mountains and lakes in Mongolia. Our earth is our home. Our environment must be clean.
Pollution damage the air, sea, rivers or land caused by chemicals, waste and harmful gases. The biggest polluter in Mongolia, today are the car and smoke. Exhaust fumes are the main cause of a bad air quality. On the other hand gases are produced when we burn fuels especially coal burned in power station to make electricity.
Air pollution is common in developed counties. There are crowds of people and large industries in their big cities. Nowadays global warming, is a dangerous problem. The ozone layer is a layer of gases that protect us from ultraviolet light coming from the sun. a hole in the ozone layer increases skin cancer among people.
In the addition to there is acid rain, extinction of animals and deforestation in the world. Deforestation has been occurring steadily since 1980 in Mongolia. In other places the temperature will rise and there will be less rain turning more of land into desert.
Water pollution is also a problem people are lacking fresh drinking water. There are many reasons causing this problems such as cutting down forests, wasting water resources and the pollution of lakes, rivers and seas with chemical garbage.
Many people try to protect the environment by joining environmental groups and inform people about ecological problems, to make their country richer and lives happier.
Mongolian national holidays
Mongolians celebrate many holidays. They are Naadam, Tsagaan sar, Independence day, New year, and teacher, woman, children’s day etc.
The Naadam of the victory of the people’s revolution. All people wear national clothes “Deel” during Naadam. It is a ceremony that combines sports traditions, arts and customs. There are 3 main competitions, horse racing, wrestling and archery. Mongolian wrestlers wear a special costume. It consist of a hat small shorts “Shuudag”, a vest with long sleeves “Zodog” and heavy boots. Wrestling has no weight classes. The title of ‘falcon’ is granted for winning five rounds, after six victories is granted ‘khartsag’. The best wrestler is granted the title of champion.
People choose the best and fastest horses and keep them on a strict diet. The riders are 6-8 years old children.
Archers shoot at small targets from 70-80 meters. The archery contest winner gets the title “mergen” for being the best archer.
Tsagaan sar is the most important holiday in Mongolia. It is in either January of February. Tsagaan sar is Mongolians New year. Tsagaan sar means “White month” in English. Before tsagaan sar we all clear our home and our yards very well. Before tsagaan sar Mongolians make a lot of buuz, boil meat, prepare a lot of dairy product and buy gift. The night before tsagaan sar is bituun. Early on the first morning of tsagaan sar, after sunshine, each family in each yard goes to the oldest person’s home together and greet each other.
Бие даалт 6
Ex:1
1b 2b 3a 4c 5a 6c 7b 8a 9c 10a
11b 12a 13a 14b 15b 16c 17a 18a 19b 20a
21a 22b 23a 24b 25a 26b 27c 28b 29c 30b
31a 32a 33b 34c 35b 36b 37c 38a 39a 40b
41a 42c 43b 44b 45a 46a 47b 48a 49c
Ex:2
1.She told Jerry to pass her a bowl.
2.She told Susie to get her some eggs from the fridge.
3.Our mother told us not to forget to wash your hands.
4.Mrs. Cross told her dog sitter not to give him any sweets.
5.Mrs. Cross told her dog sitter to feed him twice a day.
Ex:3
1.what 2.how 3.how 4.what 5.what
Ex:4
1.aren’t you 2.does she 3.did you 4.hasn’t she 5.won’t you
6.have you 7.isn’t she 8.can’t 9.hadn’t they 10.didn’t he
Ex:5
1.me 2.been 3.did 4.where 5.top
Ex:6
1.danger 2.pets 3.protected
4.captivity 5.survival 6.companion
In texts
1.d 2.d 3.c 4.d 5.c
Бие даалт 5
Ex:1
1b 2c 3a 4b 5b 6c 7b 8c 9b 10b
11b 12a 13c 14a 15a 16a 17b 18c 19a 20a
21c 22a 23a 24c 25c 26a 27b 28a 29b 30c
31a 32a 33a 34c 35c 36c 37b 38c
Ex:2
1-made 2-produce 3-smoke 4-fumes 5-easily 6-hardly 7-cold 8-freezing 9-repaired 10-saved
1k 2l 3b 4m 5a 6j 7n 8c 9h 10d 11g 12e 13f 14i
Ex:3
1. Diana said to Mark Paul was wearing black sunglasses.
2. Bill said he would buy a newspaper.
3. Clive said George had eaten all the chocolates.
4. Tom asked Sam what his favorite color was.
5. Anna asked Claire of you liked strawberries.
Ex:4
1d 2e 3f 4e 5j 6a 7b 8g 9c 10h
Ex:5
1d 2b 3e 4a 5c
Ex:6
1b 2a 3b 4c 5c 6a 7b 8d 9b 10a
Bill Gates
Everyone has heard of Bill Gates, one of the richest and most successful people in the world. Áèëë Ãýéòñèéã äýëõèéí õàìãèéí áàÿí, õàìãèéí àëäàðòàé õ¿ì¿¿ñèéí íýã ãýäãèéã õ¿í á¿õýí ìýäíý. Microsoft, the business he started with a friend in 1975, has become the world’s largest computer software company, and Gates was the world’s youngest billionaire at the age of 31.Ìèêðîñîôòèéí áèçíýñýý òýðýýð íàéçûí õàìò 1975 îíä ýõë¿¿ëñýí íü äýëõèéí õàìãèéí òîì êîìïüþòåðèéí êîìïàíü áîëæ ÷àäñàí áà 31 íàñàíäàà äýëõèéí çàëóóõàí òýðáóìòíóóäûí íýã áîëæýý.
His full name is William Henry Gates III, and he was born on 28th October, 1955, in Seattle, USA. Ò¿¿íèé æèíõýíý íýð áîë Âèëëèéì Õýíðè Ãýéòñ áà òýðýýð 1955 îíû 10-ð ñàðûí 28íä ÀÍÓ-ûí Ñèòëèä òºðæýý. At school, Bill soon showed that he was very intelligent, and especially good at Math and Science. Áèëë ñóðãóóëüä áàéõäàà óõààëàã áºãººä àëãåáð, ø/ó íû õè÷ýýëäýý ãàðãóóä ñàéí áàéæýý. His parents decided to send him to Lakeside, the private school where he first began to use computers. Ò¿¿íèéã ýöýã ýõ íü Ëýê ñàéä õýìýýõ õóâèéí ñóãóóëüä îðóóëñíààð òýð êîìïüþòåð õýðýãëýæ ýõýëæýý. 13-year-old Bill Gates and his school friend Paul Allen were soon spending all their time writing programs and learning about computers instead of doing their schoolwork!13 íàñòàéäàà Áèëë íàéç Ïîëë Àëëåí íàð õè÷ýýëýý õèéõèéí îðîíä ÿíç á¿ðèéí ïðîãðàì áè÷èæ, êîìïüþòåð ñóäàëäàã áàéæýý.
After finishing school in 1973, Bill went to Harvard, America’s most famous university. 1973 îíä ñóðãóóëèé òºãñººä ÀÍÓ-ûí õàìãèéí àëäàðòàé ñóðãóóëü áîëîõ Õàðâîðäèéí èõ ñóðãóóëüä ýëñýí îðæýý. The next year, he and Paul Allen wrote an operating program for the Altair, one of the world’s first microcomputers. Äàðàà æèë íü Ïîëë àëëåí òýð õî¸ð Àëòýéðèéí õýðýãëýýíèé ïðîãðàìûã áè÷ñýí íü äýëõèéí õàìãèéí àíõíû áè÷èë êîìïüþòåð þì. The two friends started Microsoft in 1975, and Gates left Harvard. 1975 îíä òýä “Ìèêðîñîôò”-ûã ýõýëñýí áà Ãýéòñ Õàðâàðäèéã òºãñæýý. Before long, Microsoft was a major business success. Óäààí õóãàöààíû òóðø Ìèêðîñîôò íü àëäàðòàé òîìîîõîí áèçíåñèéí áàéñàí. Since then, the company has continued to grow, producing the most of the world’s leading PC software. Ò¿¿íýýñ õîéø êîìïàíè íü àìæèëòòàé ºñºí äýâæèí, äýõëèéí øèëäýã êîìïàíè áîëñîí. One reason for his success is that Gates has always been very ambitious and hardworking. Ò¿¿íèé ýíý àëäàð õ¿íäèéã îëñîí øàëòãààí íü çîðèëãîòîé àæèëñàã ÷àíàð íü áàéæýý. This has not left him much time for a normal personal life, but 1994 he married Melinda French, a Microsoft employee, and in 1995 he wrote a best-selling book, The Road Ahead. Òýðýýð á¿õèé ë àìüäðàëûíõàà òóðøèä ººðèéí ìýðãýæèëýý îðõèîã¿é áºãººä 1994 îíä Ìèêðîñîôòèéí àæèë÷èí Ìýëèíäà Ôðýí÷òýé ãýðëýæ, 1995 îíä ººðèéí “The Road Ahead” íîìîî áè÷ñýí.
Bill has mixed feelings about spending so much time running Microsoft. Áèëë Ìèêðîñîôòîä öàãàà õýðõýí çàðöóóëàõàà ìýääýã áàéñàí. ”There are a lot of experiences I haven’t had, but I do like my job,” he says. “Òýíä íàäàä òóðøëàãà äóòàæ áàéñàí áîëîâ÷ áè ººðèéíõºº àæèëä äóðòàé áàéñàí” ãýæ òýð õýëñýí. When he does find time to relax, he likes puzzles, golf and reading about science. Òýð ÷ºëººò öàã ãàðìàãö áîäëîãî áîäîõ, ãîëüô òîãëîõ, ø/ó-íû òóõàé óíøèõ çýðãèéã õèéäýã áàéñàí. For such a rich person, his life is simple, and he spends little on himself and his family. Áàÿí áîëîâ÷ ò¿¿íèé àìüäðàë ìàø ýíãèéí áà òý𠺺ðòºº áîëîí ãýð á¿ëèéíõýíäýý òèéì ÷ èõ ìºí㺠çàðöóóëäàãã¿é. When it comes to helping others, though, Gates is very generous. Ãýéòñ áóñäàä èõ òóñàëäàã ìàø ºãëºãñ õ¿í þì. He has already given huge amounts of money to charity, and says that he plans to give away almost all of his wealth when he retires. Òýðýýð áóÿíû õàíäèâä ìàø èõ ìºí㺠ºãñºí áà õýðýâ òýð ¿õâýë áàðàã á¿õ áàÿëàãàà ºãºõººð òºëºâëºæ áàé㺺 ãýæ õýëæýý.
Bill Gates
Everyone has heard of Bill Gates, one of the richest and most successful people in the world. Áèëë Ãýéòñèéã äýëõèéí õàìãèéí áàÿí, õàìãèéí àëäàðòàé õ¿ì¿¿ñèéí íýã ãýäãèéã õ¿í á¿õýí ìýäíý. Microsoft, the business he started with a friend in 1975, has become the world’s largest computer software company, and Gates was the world’s youngest billionaire at the age of 31.Ìèêðîñîôòèéí áèçíýñýý òýðýýð íàéçûí õàìò 1975 îíä ýõë¿¿ëñýí íü äýëõèéí õàìãèéí òîì êîìïüþòåðèéí êîìïàíü áîëæ ÷àäñàí áà 31 íàñàíäàà äýëõèéí çàëóóõàí òýðáóìòíóóäûí íýã áîëæýý.
His full name is William Henry Gates III, and he was born on 28th October, 1955, in Seattle, USA. Ò¿¿íèé æèíõýíý íýð áîë Âèëëèéì Õýíðè Ãýéòñ áà òýðýýð 1955 îíû 10-ð ñàðûí 28íä ÀÍÓ-ûí Ñèòëèä òºðæýý. At school, Bill soon showed that he was very intelligent, and especially good at Math and Science. Áèëë ñóðãóóëüä áàéõäàà óõààëàã áºãººä àëãåáð, ø/ó íû õè÷ýýëäýý ãàðãóóä ñàéí áàéæýý. His parents decided to send him to Lakeside, the private school where he first began to use computers. Ò¿¿íèéã ýöýã ýõ íü Ëýê ñàéä õýìýýõ õóâèéí ñóãóóëüä îðóóëñíààð òýð êîìïüþòåð õýðýãëýæ ýõýëæýý. 13-year-old Bill Gates and his school friend Paul Allen were soon spending all their time writing programs and learning about computers instead of doing their schoolwork!13 íàñòàéäàà Áèëë íàéç Ïîëë Àëëåí íàð õè÷ýýëýý õèéõèéí îðîíä ÿíç á¿ðèéí ïðîãðàì áè÷èæ, êîìïüþòåð ñóäàëäàã áàéæýý.
After finishing school in 1973, Bill went to Harvard, America’s most famous university. 1973 îíä ñóðãóóëèé òºãñººä ÀÍÓ-ûí õàìãèéí àëäàðòàé ñóðãóóëü áîëîõ Õàðâîðäèéí èõ ñóðãóóëüä ýëñýí îðæýý. The next year, he and Paul Allen wrote an operating program for the Altair, one of the world’s first microcomputers. Äàðàà æèë íü Ïîëë àëëåí òýð õî¸ð Àëòýéðèéí õýðýãëýýíèé ïðîãðàìûã áè÷ñýí íü äýëõèéí õàìãèéí àíõíû áè÷èë êîìïüþòåð þì. The two friends started Microsoft in 1975, and Gates left Harvard. 1975 îíä òýä “Ìèêðîñîôò”-ûã ýõýëñýí áà Ãýéòñ Õàðâàðäèéã òºãñæýý. Before long, Microsoft was a major business success. Óäààí õóãàöààíû òóðø Ìèêðîñîôò íü àëäàðòàé òîìîîõîí áèçíåñèéí áàéñàí. Since then, the company has continued to grow, producing the most of the world’s leading PC software. Ò¿¿íýýñ õîéø êîìïàíè íü àìæèëòòàé ºñºí äýâæèí, äýõëèéí øèëäýã êîìïàíè áîëñîí. One reason for his success is that Gates has always been very ambitious and hardworking. Ò¿¿íèé ýíý àëäàð õ¿íäèéã îëñîí øàëòãààí íü çîðèëãîòîé àæèëñàã ÷àíàð íü áàéæýý. This has not left him much time for a normal personal life, but 1994 he married Melinda French, a Microsoft employee, and in 1995 he wrote a best-selling book, The Road Ahead. Òýðýýð á¿õèé ë àìüäðàëûíõàà òóðøèä ººðèéí ìýðãýæèëýý îðõèîã¿é áºãººä 1994 îíä Ìèêðîñîôòèéí àæèë÷èí Ìýëèíäà Ôðýí÷òýé ãýðëýæ, 1995 îíä ººðèéí “The Road Ahead” íîìîî áè÷ñýí.
Bill has mixed feelings about spending so much time running Microsoft. Áèëë Ìèêðîñîôòîä öàãàà õýðõýí çàðöóóëàõàà ìýääýã áàéñàí. ”There are a lot of experiences I haven’t had, but I do like my job,” he says. “Òýíä íàäàä òóðøëàãà äóòàæ áàéñàí áîëîâ÷ áè ººðèéíõºº àæèëä äóðòàé áàéñàí” ãýæ òýð õýëñýí. When he does find time to relax, he likes puzzles, golf and reading about science. Òýð ÷ºëººò öàã ãàðìàãö áîäëîãî áîäîõ, ãîëüô òîãëîõ, ø/ó-íû òóõàé óíøèõ çýðãèéã õèéäýã áàéñàí. For such a rich person, his life is simple, and he spends little on himself and his family. Áàÿí áîëîâ÷ ò¿¿íèé àìüäðàë ìàø ýíãèéí áà òý𠺺ðòºº áîëîí ãýð á¿ëèéíõýíäýý òèéì ÷ èõ ìºí㺠çàðöóóëäàãã¿é. When it comes to helping others, though, Gates is very generous. Ãýéòñ áóñäàä èõ òóñàëäàã ìàø ºãëºãñ õ¿í þì. He has already given huge amounts of money to charity, and says that he plans to give away almost all of his wealth when he retires. Òýðýýð áóÿíû õàíäèâä ìàø èõ ìºí㺠ºãñºí áà õýðýâ òýð ¿õâýë áàðàã á¿õ áàÿëàãàà ºãºõººð òºëºâëºæ áàé㺺 ãýæ õýëæýý.
The Internet: FAQs
[Frequently asked questions]
Èíòåðíýò
(¿ðãýëæèéí àñóóëòóóäûí õàðèóëò)
The internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history.
Èíòåðíýò íü ÿàõèéí àðãàã¿é äýëõèéí ò¿¿õýí äýõ õàìãèéí ÷óõàë íýýëò¿¿äèéí íýã þì.
It was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists.
¯¿íèéã àìåðèêèéí çàñãèéí ãàçàð 1968 îíä ýõë¿¿ëñýí áîëîâ÷ ýõýíäýý çºâõºí ýðäýìòýä ë àøèãëàäàã áàéñàí.
Since 1990, when the World Wide Web was created, it has changed the world, and its uses are growing every day.
1990 îíîîñ õîéø Äýëõèéí ªðãºí Ñ¿ëæýý òàðõñàí áà ýíý íü äýëõèéã ººð÷èëæ õýðýãëýý íü ºäºð èðýõ òóñàì íýìýãäýæ áàéíà.
1. What exactly is the internet?
Èíòåðíýò ãýæ þó âý?
The Internet is the network (several networks, in fact) of millions of computers around the world, connected by phone lines, satellite or cable, so that all the computers on the net can exchange information with each other.
Èíòåðíýò íü äýëõèéí ýðãýí òîéðîíä áàéãàà îëîí ñàÿ êîìïüþòåð¿¿äèéí óòàñíû øóãàì, ñàíñðûí êàáåëèàð õîëáîãäñîí ñ¿ëæýý(õýä õýäýí ñ¿ëæýý) áºãººä êîìïüþòåð¿¿ä ººð õîîðîíäîî ìýäýýëýë ñîëèëöäîã.
2. That’s the same thing as the Web, isn’t it?
Ýíý ñ¿ëæýýòýé àäèëõàí ç¿éë ãýæ ¿¿?
Not quite.
ßã ÷ òèéì áèø.
The internet links computers, and the World Wide Web is a system which links the information stored inside these computers. Èíòåðíýò íü êîìïüþòåðèûã õîëáîäîã, Äýëõéèí ªðãºí Ñ¿ëæýý íü òýäãýýð êîìïüþòåð¿¿äèéí äîòîðîî õàäãàëñàí ìýäýýëëèéã õîëáîäîã ñèñòåì þì.
3. What is the web site?
Âåá ñàéò ãýæ þó âý?
A company or organization stores its information in electronic documents one of the Internet computers, somewhere in the world.êîìïàíè ýñâýë áàéãóóëàãà ìýäýýëëýý öàõèëãààí áè÷èã áàðèìòààð äýëõèéí õàà íýãòýý àëü íýã èíòåðíýòòýé êîìïüþòåðò áàéðëóóëäàã.
This computer space-the companies web site- has an address, in the same way that everyone telephone has a number.
Êîìïàíèé âåá ñàéòàä õàÿã õîëáîãäîõ óòàñíû äóãààð íü áàéäàã.
To visit a web site, you simply enter the address.
Âåá ñàéòðóó îðîõäîî õàÿãàà îðóóëíà.
Your computer is connected to the web site, a document is downloaded, and a page appears on your computer screen. Êîìïüþòåð âåá ñàéòàä õîëáîãäîõîä áàðèìòóóä õóóäàñ áàéäëààð äýëãýöýí äýýð õàðàãääàã.
4. How do I surf the net?
Ñ¿ëæýýíä ÿàæ õîëáîãäîõ âý?
When you visit a web site looking for information, some words on the page may be underlined, showing that there is more information about the subject in another document.
Òàíûã ìýäýýëýë õàéõààð âåá ñàéòàä îðîõîä õóóäàñàí äýýð çàðèì îíöîëñîí ¿ã áàéõ áà, ýíý ¿ã öààíàà ººð ç¿éëèéí òóõàé èë¿¿ èõ ìýäýýëëèéã àãóóëñàí áàéäàã.
If you click on one of these words, the web automatically connects your computer to a new document or web site, even if this is stored thousands of kilometers away.
Õýðâýý òà ýíý ¿ãýí äýýð êëèê õèéâýë ýíý îëîí ìÿíãàí êèëîìåòðèéí öààíà áàéðëàñàí ÷ ñ¿ëæýý àâòîìàòààð òàíû êîìïüþòåðèéã øèíý áàðèìòòàé õîëáîíî.
You are surfing the net! Òà ñ¿ëæýýíä õîëáîãäëîî.
5. What can I use the Internet for?
Èíòåðíýòèéã þóíä àøèãëàæ áîëîõ âý?
The main use of the Internet is to find information-for your schoolwork or job, or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events.
Èíòåðíýòèéã ãîë íü õè÷ýýë, àæèë, ººðèéí ñîíèðõîëûí òàëààðáîëîí, ñ¿¿ëèéí ¿åèéí ìýäýýëýë õàéõàä àøèãëàäàã.
You can also use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines, play games, plan your holiday or buy things from your favorite shop.
Òà èíòåðíýòèéã àøèãëàñíààð òà èíòåðíýòèéã àøèãëàñíààð ñîíèí ñýòã¿¿ë óíøèõ, òîãëîîì òîãëîõ, àìðàëòàà òºëºâëºõ ýñâýë õ¿ññýí ç¿éëýý àâ÷ ÷àäíà.
E-mail makes it possible to electronic messages anywhere in the world in seconds, and you can use the internet to ‘chat’ with people and make new friends.
È-ìýéëýýð äýëõèéí õààíà ÷ áàéñàí ñåêóäûí äîòîð ýëåêòðîí øóóäàí ÿâóóëàõ áîëîìæòîé áà èíòåðíýòýýð õ¿ì¿¿ñòýé ÷àòàëæ øèíý íàéçòàé áîëæ áîëíî.
6. What do I need in order to use the internet?
Èíòåðíýò õýðýãëýõèéí òóëä ÿàõ ¸ñòîé âý?
If you don’t already use the internet, all you need to get started is a computer, a modern and phone line.
Õýðâýý òà ºìíº íü èíòåðíýò õýðýãëýæ áàéãààã¿é áîë ýõëýýä êîìïüþòåðîî ñ¿¿ëèéí ¿åèéí óòàñíû øóãàìòàé õîëáîõ õýðýãòýé.
Using the internet is getting cheaper and easier all the time. Èíòåðíýòèéí õýðýãëýý íü àëü ÷ öàãò õÿìäõàí õýðýãëýõýä õûëáàðõàí áîëñîí.
Are you ready to surf the net?
Òà èíòåðíýòýä õîëáîãäîõîä áýëýí ¿¿?
There is a whole exciting Internet world out there waiting for you! Èíòåðíýòèéí ãàéõàìøèãòàé åðòºíö òàíûã õ¿ëýýæ áàéíà.
The Pros and Cons of using the Internet
Ïðîñ, Êîíñ èíòðíýòèéí õýðýãëýý
Advertisements for the Internet promise you a world of information, entertainment, on-line shopping and e-mail services.
Èíòåðíýòèéí çàð ñóðòàë÷èëãàà íü ìýäýýëýë, ¿çâýð ¿éë÷èëãýý, îíëàéí äýëã¿¿ðèéí ¿éë÷èëãýý, èìýéë ¿éë÷èëãýýã îëæ àâàõàä ÷óõàë ¿¿ðãèéã ã¿éöýòãýäýã.
However the real world of the Internet may not be as perfect as the advertisements suggest.
Õýäèé òèéì áîëîâ÷ èíòåðíýòéèí áîäèò åðòºíö íü çàð ñóðòàë÷èëãàà øèã òºãñ áàéäàãã¿é.
Using the Internet offers many advantages. Èíòåðíýòèéí ¿éë÷èëãýý íü îëîí äàâóó òàëòàé.
For example, all of the latest information is available to you, in your home, at any hour of the day or night.
Æèøýý íü, òà á¿õ ñ¿¿ëèéí ¿åèéí ìýäýýëýëèéã ºäºð øºíèéí àëü ÷ öàãò ãýðýýñýý àâàõ áîëîìæòîé.
It is much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries.
Èíòåðíýòýä îðñíîîð ìàø õÿëáàðõàí ò¿ðãýí øóóðõàé äýëõèéí îëîí îðíû ìýäýýëëýýð àÿëàõ áîëîìæòîé.
Firstly on-line shopping makes it possible to search through catalogues to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money.
Íýãä¿ãýýðò, îíëàéí äýëã¿¿ðèéí ¿éë÷èëãýýãýýð òà êàòàëîãîîñ õ¿ññýí ç¿éëýý òîõèðñîí ¿íýýð íü àâ÷ öàã ìºí㺺 õýìíýõ áîëìæòîé.
By joining a newsgroup or chat group, you can share your hobbies and special interests, and perhaps make friends all over the world.
Ìýäýýëýë ÷àòûí õýñýãò òà áóñàäòàé îîðèéí ñîíèðõîë õîááèãîî õóâààëöàí äýëõèé äàõèíä îëîí íàéçòàé áîëæ áîëíî.
Finally e-mail is popular because it is faster than sending a letter and cheaper than a telephone conversation.
Ýöýñò íü èìýéë íü çàõèà ÿâóóëàõààñ õóðäàí áà óòàñíû ÿðèàíààñ õÿìäõàí áàéäàã.
On the other hand, the Internet has several disadvantages.
ͺ㺺òýéã¿¿ð èíòåðíýòýä çàðèì íýãýí ñóë òàë áèé.
Also, with so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours.
̺í õ¿ññýí ¿åäýý õàíãàëòòàé ìýäýýëëèéã àâàõ áîëîìæòîé.
Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video are attractive, but they make downloading show and boring.
Ìóëòèìåäèà âåá õóóäàñ íü çóðàã õºãæèì çýðãèéã áàãòààñàí áàéäàã ÷ ¿¿íä õîëáîãäîõîä óäààí óéòãàðòàé áàéäàã.
What is more, there is too much advertising instead of real information.
¯¿íýýñ ãàäíà òýíä áîäèòîé ìýäýýëëèéí îðîíä çàð ñóðòàë÷èëãàà èõ áàéäàã.
As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer making ‘chat friends’ is not the same actually meeting people.
Ãýðòýý êîìïüþòåðèéí àðä ñóóãààä ÷ààòíû íàéçòàé áîëîõ íü ÿã õ¿íòýé óóëçàõòàé àäèëõàí áèø áàéäàã.
In conclusion, the Internet obviously has both good and bad points.
Ä¿ãíýæ õýëýõýä, èíòåðíýò ìóó ÷ ñàéí ÷ òàëòàé.
Fortunately, the system is improving all the time, and any problems which still exist can be solved.
Õýäèé òèéì áîëîâ÷ ýíý ñèñòåì íü óëàì ñàéæèð÷ àñóóäàë íü áàãàñ÷ áàéãàà.
Whether we like it or not, the Internet is here to stay, so we have to make the best possible use of it.
Èíòåðíýò áèäýíä òààëàãäñàí ÷, òààëàãäààã¿é ÷ ýíý áèäíèé õàìãèéí ÷óõàë õýðýãëýý áàéñààð áàéõ áîëíî.
bagshaa yaj ch uurchilsun mongol ni garahgui bnaa. Yahuu. Monkey bish hernee yagaad ingeed bgaan bol. Adminaas shaltgaalna gej bhgui bizdee. Uchriig ni yuruusuu oilgohgui bna. 3 uur interneted orj uzlee ali ni boldgui. argaa baraad ingeed yavuulchlaa uuchlaarai bagshaa
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