Time expressions by Amaraa

It’s beginning of July – Одоо 7 сарын эхэн
It rained all day- Бүхэл өдөржингөө бороо орсон
Before long the man will achieve-Удахгүй энэ хүн амжилтанд хүрнэ
a half hour/ half an hour-хагас цаг
an hour and a half/ one and a half hours-хагас цаг
a few minutes lгater- төдхөн, удалгүй
a long time-эртнээс, удаан
along time ago-эрт цагт
all year round- бүтэн жилжингээ
all day/ all day long- өдөржингөө
at dawn-үүрээр
at sunset- нар жаргаж байхад
at that time-тэр үед
at this time tomorrow- маргааш өдийд
at dinner time- оройн хоолны цагаарre long
at one time – нэгэн удаа
at the same time-нэгэн зэрэг
at a time –энэ үед
at once- даруй, шууд
at that- үүний зэрэгцээ
at this- энэ үед
at my time of life – амсьдралынхаа он жилүүдэд
at an early age- бага насандаа
at the age of- ...... насандаа
as long ago as- аль түрүүн
appointed time- тогтоосон хугацаа
beforehand- эрт, эртнээс
before long- удалгүй мөдхөн
before now-одоог хүртэл
every other day- өнжөөд
every so often- хааяа нэг
for an hour or so- цагийн турш юмуу тэр хавьцаа
for good- үүрд бүр мөсөн
henceforward- энэ цагаас эхлэн
here and now- яг одоо
in no time- хоромхон зуур
in time- цаг тухайд нь
in one’s childhood- хүүхэд насандаа
just as- яг тэр мөчид
meanwhile- тэр хооронtime
now and then- хааяа хааяа
over and over- байн байн
plenty of time- хангаттай цаг
waste of time- цагийн гарз

TOPIC LIST /TOEFL iBT WRITING/ Зохион бичлэгийн гарчгууд

Write one essay each day and finish these topics until youcome to my EL 210:

>Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
>If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study, what would you choose? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details.
> Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
>Which would you choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades (marks) encourage students to learn. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
>Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
>Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. Other universities require students to specialize in one subject. Which is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
>Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls should attend separate schools. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Is it more important to be able to work with a group of people on a team or to work independently? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
> Your city has decided to build a statue or monument to honor a famous person in your country. Whom would you choose? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.
> Describe a custom from your country that you would like people from other countries to adopt. Explain your choice, using specific reasons and examples.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made the world a better place to live. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising can tell you a lot about a country. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern technology is creating a single world culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> A foreign visitor has only one day to spend in your country. Where should this vis¬itor go on that day? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
> If you could go back to some time and place in the past, when and where would you go? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
> What discovery in the last 100 years has been most beneficial for people in your country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Telephones and e-mail have made communication between people less personal. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> If you could travel back in time to meet a famous person from history, what person would you like to meet? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
> If you could meet a famous entertainer or athlete, who would that be, and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
> If you could ask a famous person one question, what would you ask? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
> Some people prefer to live in places that have the same weather or climate all year long. Others like to live in areas where the weather changes several times a year. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
> Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or university. What are some of the important qualities of a good roommate? Use specific reasons and examples to explain why these qualities are important.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Dancing plays an important role in a culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Some people think governments should spend as much money as possible exploring
outer space (for example, traveling to the moon and to other planets). Other people disagree and think governments should spend this money on our basic needs on Earth. Which of these two opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
> People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress? Use specific details and examples in your answer.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid according to how much their students learn. Give specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> If you were asked to send one thing representing your country to an international exhibition, what would you choose? Why? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.
>You have been told that dormitory rooms at your university must be shared by two students. Would you rather have the university assign a student to share a room with you, or would you rather choose your own roommate? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.
> Some people think that governments should spend as much money as possible on developing or buying computer technology. Other people disagree and think that this money should be spent on more basic needs. Which one of these opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
> Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer using machines. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic (for example, honesty,
intelligence, a sense of humor) that a person can have to be successful in life? Use
specific reasons and examples from your experience to explain your answer.
> It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to support your answer.
> Students at universities often have a choice of places to live. They may choose to live in university dormitories, or they may choose to live in apartments in the community. Compare the advantages of living in university housing with the advantages of living in an apartment in the community. Where would you prefer to live? Give reasons for your preference.
>You need to travel from your home to a place 40 miles (64 kilometers) away. Compare the different kinds of transportation you could use. Tell which method of travel you would choose. Give specific reasons for your choice.
> Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.
> Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience. Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.
> When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of the new country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Support your answer with specific details.
> Some people prefer to spend most of their time alone. Others like to be with friends most of the time. Do you prefer to spend your time alone or with friends? Use specific reasons to support your answer.
> Some people prefer to spend time with one or two close friends. Others choose to spend time with a large number of friends. Compare the advantages of each choice. Which of these two ways of spending time do you prefer? Use specific reasons to support your answer.
> Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why?
> The government has announced that it plans to build a new university. Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion.
> Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use examples to support your position.
> Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free time. Compare the benefits of planning free-time activities with the benefits of not making plans. Which do you prefer—planning or not planning for your leisure time? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.
> People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things; other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is best for you? Use specific examples to support your choice.
> Some people choose friends who are different from themselves. Others choose
friends who are similar to themselves. Compare the advantages of having friends
who are different from you with the advantages of having friends who are similar
to you. Which kind of friend do you prefer for yourself? Why?
> Some people enjoy change, and they look forward to new experiences. Others like their lives to stay the same, and they do not change their usual habits. Compare these two approaches to life. Which approach do you prefer? Explain why.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behave differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer.
> Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong. Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.
> Some people trust their first impressions about a person's character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person's character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should read only those books that are about real events, real people, and established facts.Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics.Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is nothing that young people can teach older people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Reading fiction (such as novels and short stories) is more enjoyable than watching
movies.Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
> Some people say that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Other people believe that students should spend the whole school day on academic studies. Which opinion do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
> A university plans to develop a new research center in your country. Some people want a center for business research. Other people want a center for research in agriculture (farming). Which of these two kinds of research centers do you recommend for your country? Use specific reasons in your recommendation.
> Some young children spend a great amount of their time participating in sports.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples
to support your answer.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing a game is fun only when you win. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High schools should allow students to study the courses that students want to study. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to be a member of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> What do you consider to be the most important room in a house? Why is this
room more important to you than any other room? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your opinion.
> Some items (such as clothes or furniture) can be made by hand or by machine. Which do you prefer—items made by hand or items made by machine? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your choice.
> If you could make one important change in a school that you attended, what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
> A gift (such as a camera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute to a child's development. What gift would you give to help a child develop? Why? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.
> Some people believe that students should be given one long vacation each year. Others believe that students should have several short vacations throughout the year. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
> Would you prefer to live in a traditional house or in a modern apartment building? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
> Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Some people prefer to spend their free time outdoors. Other people prefer to spend their leisure time indoors. Would you prefer to be outside, or would you prefer to be inside for your leisure activities? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.
> Your school has received a gift of money. What do you think is the best way for your school to spend this money? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing games teaches us about life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
> Imagine that you have received some land to use as you wish. How would you use this land? Use specific details to explain your answer.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching television is bad for children. Use specific details and examples to support your answer.
> What is the most important animal in your country? Why is the animal impor¬tant? Use reasons and specific details to explain your answer.
> Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests,
animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain
why it needs to be saved. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
> Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A zoo has no useful purpose. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.
> In some countries, people are no longer allowed to smoke in many public places and office buildings. Do you think this is a good rule or a bad rule? Use specific reasons and details to support your position.
> Plants can provide food, shelter, clothing, or medicine. What is one kind of plant that is important to you or the people in your country? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.
> You have the opportunity to visit a foreign country for two weeks. Which country would you like to visit? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.
> In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home by using technol¬ogy such as computers or television or of studying at traditional schools. Which would you prefer? Use reasons and specific details to explain your choice.
>• When famous people such as actors, athletes and rock stars give their opinions, many people listen. Do you think we should pay attention to these opinions? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

How to learn English?

How To Learn English

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Homework - 5th essay / Unit 10 /

Future of Mongolia:


1. Introduction
2.Main body:
- relationship
- education, schools, universities
- jobs
- home life, housing
- transport, buses, cars, travelling
- holidays
- food
- health
- environment, pollution
3. Conclusion

Past tenses

Advice on how to be a good student / 4th essay -Unit 8/

Have you ever faced with these problems?

- Although I know that doing my lessons is necessary for me but I can`t do anymore

- Although I open my book but I can`t read and just look.

- However, I want to do but I can`t

- I get bored easily during doing lessons.

If yes, I will strongly advise you to set your goal and plan for your whole life. You can use following methods to plan your purpose.

At first, just think about the situation where you are in 10 years. Ask yourself:

- What will I have created after 10 years?

- How will I be living?

- What will my pride have become like at that time and compare your dream with your present dreams. Then you should determine your goal.

Secondly, think about the situation after a year.

Thirdly, think about the time after 1-month period.

These 3 lists will help you to plan your work. For example, here is a plan of 1 student about his purpose and make your plan like that.

Plan for 10-year time:

- To become a good computer programmer

- To learn English and Japanese well

- To work in a big international company

1- year plan:

- To enter the university with major computer programming

- To learn with high points

- To learn in English course

1- month plan:

- To solve all the math problems in order to take the entering exam

- To find the best English course and start to learn .

You can plan your goals like this, then locate it place where it will easily be seen for you. It will help you to see it more often. If you see this more often you will be energetic and you will be encouraged. After that, set your weekly and daily work plan. Your daily plan must be included into your weekly plan.

Planning and dreaming is important for human life. Also never make joke with someone`s dream. It is said that the most stupid dream is enjoyed by everyone. There are 3 main enemies of success.

1. Sleepiness and laziness

People have to sleep but the time must be limited and defined. If you want to use time effectively you should sleep less time. In order to decline your sleepiness you should determine when to sleep and when to wake up, you are not allowed to go to bed unless you feel really sleepy, if you don`t sleep after 5 minutes lying on your bed just get up and do your lesson.

2. TV

It is the enemy of attention. What is the result of watching TV? Don`t watch unnecessary things on TV. It is believed TV decreases 80 percent of person`s creativeness.

3. Any kind of games like card and computer games. People who don`t have goal play computer games.

Maybe, it is difficult to get up early and to do lesson with plan but after 10 or 20 times tries it becomes habit of you. Also you should have personal mottos which always encourage you like “Don`t put works later just now”. Don`t give up. And you must put high requirements on you.

Ok, you have planned your work and start to do your homework. Now you must concentrate your attention. If you can`t concentrate it is not possible to fulfill your plan. The distractions of attention are to dream empty, to worry about something and to think like everybody is better than you, there are many subjects to review but there is no time. If you face these thoughts when you are doing homework you should ask yourself if it helps to do your homework and get your goal. Moreover, I advise you never do your lesson lying on the bed. It has only 1 end. That is to sleep. If you lie the brain will concentrate on sleeping and give signal to sleep to your body.

Now I will advise you how to learn English?

In my opinion, we should “attack” all sides like reading, writing, listening and grammar in order to learn English. So you should prepare books cassettes CDs and practice tests.

When you do reading exercise read as much as you can wherever you go like address instructions and words on the board. At first, you will face many new words but don`t give up and later the unfamiliar words will become fewer.

When you do listening exercise turn your TV into channels in English. Also listen to English songs looking lyrics.

If you want to do speaking exercise make friends with foreign people who have come to Mongolia to work and meet them more often and talk to them on all topics.

When you work on grammar practice on grammar books and take lessons from English teacher.

Why don`t you guide diary in English / in your blogs/ when you do writing? It is simple but it is effective way to improve your writing skills. You don`t have to be shy if you want to learn English.

Finally hardworking and patience will let you to become a good student.

Simple presentations

Introduction

(Good morning, afternoon, evening)

I'm happy to be here.

I'm glad to have this opportunity to . . .

Today, I'd like to talk (to you) about . . .

My topic today is . . .

The focus of my remarks is . . .

I'd like to share some thoughts on (topic)

Main points

Let me start by . . .

First, let me tell you about . . .

I've divided my topic into (three) parts: (They are . . .)

Giving examples

For instance,

Let me illustrate,

To illustrate,

Conclusion

In conclusion,

To conclude,

To summarize,

To sum up,

Checking for Understanding

(Do you) know what I mean?

Do you know what I'm saying?

Do you understand?

Are you following me?

Are you with me (so far)?

Have you got it?

Any questions?

Got it?

Showing Understanding

I see.

I understand.

I get it./I got it.

Gotcha. (Informal)

Expressing Lack of Understanding

I don't get it.

(I'm sorry.) I don't understand.

What do you mean?

I'm not following you.

I don't quite follow you.

I'm not sure I get what you mean.

What was that again?

Conceding to Make a Point

That may be true, but . . .

I may be wrong, but . . .

You might be right, but . . .

You have a good point, but . . .

You could say that, but . . .

Correct me if I'm wrong, but . . .

I don't mean to be rude, but . . .

I hate to bring this up, but . . .

I don't mean to be negative, but . . .

This may sound strange, but . . .

Analyzing Problems

Focusing on the main problem/issue

What is the main problem?

What is the real issue (here)?

(I think) the major problem is . . .

Our primary concern is . . .

The crux of the matter is . . .

(As I see it), the most important thing is . . .

The main problem we need to solve is . . .

We really need to take care of . . .

It all comes down to this:

Asking for input

What should we do about it?

What needs to be done?

What do you think we should do?

What are we going to do about it?

Do you have any suggestions?

Any ideas?

Making Recommendations

I recommend that . . .

I suggest that . . .

I would like to propose that . . .

Why don't we . . .

Commenting

That's interesting. I think that...

Interesting point. I would add...

Hmmm. I hadn't thought of that before.

Questions can also be a useful way of bringing new ideas into a conversation:

What do you think about . . .

Have you considered . . .

What about . . .

Sometimes a more direct approach is appropriate:

Can I add something here?

(Do you) mind if I interject something here?

Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing involves restating someone else's ideas in your own words. There are several phrases that can be used to introduce paraphrasing:

So . . . (rephrase the other person's ideas)

In other words . . . (paraphrase)

I understand. (You're saying that . . .)

Oh. I see. (You want to say that . . . )

I get it. (You mean . . .)

So, what you mean is . . .

Let me see if I understand you correctly. . .

What I think you're saying is . . .

If I'm hearing you correctly . . .

Meetings and Discussions

Getting started

Let's get started.
We need to discuss . . .
We need to talk about . . .

Talking about discussion items

The first thing we need to discuss is . . .
The first item on the agenda is . . .
The first thing on the list is . . .
First, we need to talk about . . .

Presenting Options

We have several alternatives:
We have two options:
We could either . . . or . . .

Moving on

Let's move on to Item 2.
Let's move on to the next topic.
We need to move on.
The next item (of business) is . . .
We need to go on to the next item.
Shall/Should we move on?

Stalling the Discussion

Before we move on, I think we should . . .
Wait a minute. We haven't discussed . . .
Don't you think we need to . . .
Not so fast. We haven't (yet) . . .

Asking for Clarification

What do you mean by . . . .
I don't quite follow you.
I didn't get what you meant by . . .
Could you clarify that?
Could you elaborate on that?

Making a Suggestion/Proposal

I think we should . . .
Maybe we should . . .
I suggest . . .
Why don't we . . .
How about . . .
We could . . .

Giving Feedback

(I think) that's a good idea.
You have a good point.
Good idea/point.
I agree.

I disagree. I think . . .
Sorry. I don't agree with you.
You have a good point, but . . .
That's not such a good idea.
I don't think that's a good idea.

Asking for Opinions

What do you think, George?
What's your opinion on that, Martha?
Any thoughts on that?
Any ideas?

Checking for Consensus

Do we all agree (on that)?
Does everyone agree?

Summarizing

In summary,
The conclusion is . . .
So, we've decided to . . .
We're going to . . . (then)

Closing the meeting

That's all for today.
That's it then. (informal)
The meeting is adjourned. (very formal)

1st essay - Unit 1-2, 2nd essay - Unit 3-4

My vacation

1. Introduction:
places, time, duration;
2.Visited places
2.1. Ulaanbaatar
2.1.1. where you stayed
2.1.2. weather
2.1.3. sightseeing
2.1.4. events
2.1.5. food
2.2. Khubsugul lake
where you stayed, weather, sightseeing, events, food;
2.3. Gobi desert
2.4. Hometown
3. Conclusion
feeling, suggestion

Write about yourself.

1. Introduction
- name, where from, place you live, family;

2. Main parts:
- Physical appearance: age, height, build, face, eyes, hair, mouth, nose;
Clothes: preferences - casual, formal;
- Character, friends;
- Favourite activities on free time, likes / dislikes; hobbies/interests, food;
- Views on life - beliefs;

3. Conclusion
- final comments;

Unit 5-7: Book report

1. Write the title and the author.

2. Write an introduction.

- Tell whether the book is fiction /literature/ or

nonfiction /science/.

- Include something extremely important

to identify the main topic and

capture the reader’s interest.

3. Write the body of the report.

- Give a brief description of the plot, setting

and characters.

(1.The plot of a story is the series of the events

that moves the story along.

Most story plots include 3 stages of events:

rising action, the climax and

the resolution.

2. The setting of a story is the time and

place of the action.

3. The characters in a story are the people who take

part in the events. Animals and even objects

can also be characters if the author gives

them human traits with their own

personalities.)

- Give a brief summary of the part of the story

that presents the main conflict without

telling it all.

- Give details that will bring important

characters to life.

4. Write a conclusion to sum up.

- Tell your readers why they should

or should not read the book.

- If you do want people to read the book,

make them wonder how it ends.

Writing process

Step 1: Prewriting - Make a list of ideas deciding what you will write and brainstorm.

- plan* and sort, take notes in your own words on your note cards or use a direct quotation,

- organize, make an outline arranging main topics (I, II..), subtopics (A, B..) and details (1, 2..) in a logical order, choose and explore an idea,

Step 2: Write a first draft – Get all your ides down on paper and write a strong topic sentence stating your opinion clearly in it and support it with details, good reasons and examples. Follow your outline and here you can write a bibliography page in alphabetical order if it is a research report.

Step 3: Revise – Read the first draft and make your changes. (Using details, sense words, clear, exact words or figurative language to describe and plant a vivid image in your reader’s mind.)

Step 4: Proofread – Correct mistakes using dictionaries. (Paragraphs, indenting, capitalization, marks and punctuation, spelling, subject-verb agreement)

Step 5: Publish – Copy, add the title, check and share.

Ideas for sharing:

- Make a poster with photographs, drawings or diagrams to illustrate. Or build a model of your story’s main setting using a variety of materials, such as colored paper, clay, foam rubber, and cloth.

- Turn your topic into speech and give it to your classmates for discussion using note cards, maps, pictures, models or samples that people can look at. Or tape-record your story.

- Send a copy to someone who would be interested in your topic. Collect and display other materials /letters, articles and editorials/ that support your argument. Submit your topic to the newspapers, journals, blogs and libraries making a cover with used reading materials. Furthermore, you can even sell the movie right to your story.

*The purpose of a *research report is to provide information about a topic that you can’t possibly learn about directly. For a research report, your information will almost always come from a library. A library has a variety of reference aids and resource books to help you: the encyclopedia, the atlas, the almanac, the dictionary and readers’ guide to periodical literature. The easiest way to locate information in the library is to use the card catalog which lists every book in the library.

*A news report.

The Star Thrower

A young man was walking along a beach. The tide was on its way out, and the beach, for as far as he could see, was covered in starfish. Ahead he saw a woman, picking up starfish and throwing them into the ocean one by one.
“Good morning!” he said as he neared her. “Do you mind if I ask why you’re doing that?”
"The tide’s going out and the sun is burning hot. If I don't throw them in they'll die," the old lady answered.
"But there are miles of beach covered with starfish. It’s hopeless. What difference can you make?"
The old lady bent down, picked up another starfish and threw it into the sea.
"Well, it sure made a difference for that one."

Adapted from Loren Eisley

Munkhbayar's words

1.1 abacus - тооцоо, бүртгэл, данс, сампин
1.2 babble - шилжмэл шуугиан, холилдсон шуугиан саад
1.3 cabir - хөдөлгөөнт холбооны вирусны анхны хэлбэр

2.1 daemon- хамгаалах программ

2.2 earth - газардуулга

2.3 facilitate - хялбарчилах, гүйцэтгэх, хийх, хөнгөвчлөх,тус үзүүлэх, хөнгөлөх, дэм болох,

3.1 gaas - гали арсенал хагас дамжуулагч
3.2 hairpin - танигдаагүй мэдээ, буцах үйлдэл
3.3 identical - ижил, адил

4.1 jack - хөшүүрэг, залгуур, суурь, үүр өргөлт
4.2 keying - түлхүүр, солих, түлхүүрдэх, модуляци
4.3 label - хаяг, хаяглах, төрөл ангилал, ангилах, төрөлжүүлэхх

Бие даалт: Name . . . . .

BD 4	WB 1	ZB 2	TRANS1
BD 4	WB 1	ZB 2	TRANS1
BD 4	WB 1	ZB 2	TRANS3
BD 4	WB 1	ZB 2	TRANS1
BD 4	WB 1	TEST 1	GRAM3
BD 4	WB 1	TEST 2	MOD3

Otgonsuren

Flourless fruitful cake

Flourless fruitful cake needs full 9 ounces semisweet and bittersweet jam,10 tablespoon unsalted butter, ¼ teaspoon sugar, 6 large egg, confectioners cocoa powder.

Firtsly, you should preheat oven to 160 degrees C. Butter and flour a 8 by 3 inch spring form pan. Put the jam, butter, and sugar in a large microwave safe bowl. Melt in the microwave on 80 percent power for two minutes. Stir and microwave again until completely melted, about two minutes more.

Alternatively, put the jam and butter in a heatproof bowl. Bring a saucepan filled with an inch or so of water to a very slow smaller, set the bowl on the pan without touching the water. Stir occasionally until melted.

You should beat the eggs and sugar with a standing or handheld mixer until light and thickened, about 5 to 8 minutes. When ready to serve remove ring from spring form mold. Dust cake with confectioners sugar or cacoa powder.

Beat the cream and vanilla in a chilled non-reactive bowl with a whisk or an electric mixer just until they hold a loose peak. Sift the sugar over the cream and continue to beat just until it holds a soft peak.

Batchimeg

Fried pies - How to cook Mongolian national food.
Huushuur recipes:
Almost all foreigners and tourists are interested Mongolian meals, especially buuz and khuushuur. And this is the instruction of how to cook, huushuur at home.

Huushuur/ Fried meat pastries/. Ingredients:
-1kg minced mutton and beef, fat included
-1/2 teaspoon salt
-1 onion, chopped
-4 gloves garlic, crushed
-water, mix these filling ingredients together.
For the dough: 1.4 cups of flour
2.1/2 teaspoon salt
3.water to mix
Mix the dough ingredients together and knead into dough. Divide into smaller pieces and roll these about 3cm in diameter. Cut the rolled flour into 4cm lengths. Take one length of dough and squash it into a circle. Roll it out until it is 8 to 10cm wide. Put 2 ½ dessertspoonsof meat mixture onto one side of your circle, leaving a space around the one corner open and squeeze out the air, then seal the corner.
To cook:
Using 2 liters of cooking oil, heat the oil in a wok, fry three or four pasties at time for 2 minutes each side, until they’re brown and meat is cooked.

Khaliun

Naadam

Mongolians celebrate many festivals. There are Naadam, White moon, children’s day, women’s day etc… Naadam was celebrated to commenmorate the great victoryof 1921 revolution, but its roots are ancient. Held every summer between 11-13 July at the Central stadium in Ulaanbaatar, it traditionally displays mongolian courage, stregth, dexterity and marksman ship.

The three major games are: wrestling, archery, and horseracing .
Archery: A traditional dating back to Gengis khan’s warriors.
Wrestling : This is the most popular sport in Mongolia. Before wrestling the sportsmen perform the “Eagle dance”
Horseracing: The race is over 30kilometrs in distance and is performed by very young riders, some as young as six years old.

Bayarsaikhan

• I always brush my teeth before I go to bed. (=every night)
• I usually have toast for breakfast. (=happens most days) I frequently watch the news before dinner. (=it's common)
• I often go to the park with my dog. (=many times)
• I sometimes see him down at the shops. (=at particular occasions but not all the time)
• I occasionally visit the capital. (=not happening often or regularly)
• I rarely smoke cigars. (=it is not common)
• I seldom have a chance to go to the theatre. (=almost never)
• I hardly ever travel abroad. (=almost never)
• I never work on the weekend. (=not at any time or not on any occasion)

Healthy food

I often tell that people eat too much chocolate, chip and cookies. But I think they’re delicious. Put the chocolate, butter and salt in a large microwave safe bowl. In fact they’re not healthys. As result of this people should cook healthy food. People should cook meal with many natural extraction and vitamins.People should eat three times a day. For breaksfast drinnk tea with milk and have light snack. In the fternoon for lunch have orange juice and main meal. In the evening have fruit tea and fruit snack.

Healthy food ingredients are milk, butter, yogurt, honey and strawberry orange apple, gray pear, lemon, banana and potato, tomato, carrot, cucumber, cabbage, cauliflower and fish chicken.

I like healthy food. My favourite traditional meal is English meals.In fact, my family a festive day eat all the time. My sister cooks national good. My sister always cooks steak and Kidnet pie.

Eldev-Ochir

Gerelmaa

About mongolia

Mongolia gained fame in the 13th century when under chinggis khaan. the conquered a huge Eurasian empire. after his death the empire was divided into several powerful mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. the mongolia eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and later came under Chinese rule.

Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the Communist Mongolian people is REvolutionary party (mprp) gradually yielded it is monopoly on power to the Democratic Union Coalition, which defeated the MPRP in a national election in 1996. Since then, parliamentary elections returned the MPRP overwhelmingly to power in 2000 and produced a coalition government in 2004.

Economic activity in Mongolia has traditionally been based on herding and agriculture. Mongolia has over 3 million populations. Most of the live in Ulaanbaatar city it is capital city of Mongolia. Mongolia has many traditional holidays. Since ancient times ago, a Mongolian people have been celebrating Naadam, Lunar New Day also Independence Day.

Mongolia is located in the Northern Asia, between China, Russia and consists 21 provinces, which are: Arhangai, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Ulgii, Bulgan, Darkhan Uul, Dornod Dornogobi, Dundgobi, Zavhan, gobi-altai, Erdenet, Hentii, Hovd, Huvsgul, Umnugobi, Uvurhangai, Selenge, Sukhbaatar, Tov-aimag, Ulaanbaatar, Uvs.

Erdenetsetseg

A traditional English breakfast is a very big meal- sausages, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms…but nowadays many people just have cereal with milk and sugar, or toast with marmalade, jam aren’t the same. Marmalade is made from other fruit. The traditional breakfast drink is tea, which people have with cold milk. Some people have coffee, often instant coffee, which is made with just hot water. Many visitors to Britain find this coffee disgusting!
For many people lunch is a quick meal. In cities there are a lot of sandwich bars, where office workers can choose the kind of bread they want- brown white, or a roll-and then all sorts of salad and meat or fish to go in the sandwich. Foods that have been proven to lift up your spirits are oily fish, salads, fruit, cereals and nuts.

Brazil-A traditional dish made of black beans, garlic, spices, and pork
Thailand-Crispy fried noodles with shrimp and chicken.
China- Chicken soup with pork-filled dumplings.
Latin America – Raw seafood marinated in lime juice and chili peppers.

Ganjargal

Narangarav

FOOD

People in different countries eat various food. For example, the Asians often eat rice and a lot of vegetables. The Indians and Indonesians often use spices in their cooking. The Spaniards, Italians, Portuguese, Greeks and Arabs usually use olive oil for cooking. The Northern Europeans and North Americans often use butter instead of oil. The Latin Americans always eat corn. The Chinese almost never eat raw vegetables. The Japanese sometimes eat raw fish.
PANCAKE

First, put some flour into the bowl. Second, melt some butter and add it to the water. After that, add a pinch of salt and the prepared water to the flour. Now mix everything well to make a good dough. Then stretch the dough and cut it into small pieces. Roll each piece evenly. Meanwhile, pour some oil into the frying pan and heat it.

Next, put the rolled piece of dough in the frying pan and fry it for 2 minutes. Then turn it over and fry until it is brown. Finally lift the pancake from the frying pan. Enjoy!
ERENCH OMELET

• If you are going to use a filling ,have it prepared.
• Beat the eggs in a bowl until they are lightly blended.
• Then add a pinch of salt and pepper or a dash of Tabasco to the egg mixture.
• Now heat a pan until it is hot, and then add the butter.
• When the butter foams and sizzles, quickly pour in the beaten eggs.
• As soon as the egg mixture starts to cook, gently shake the pan back and forth. Use a fork to pull back a little of the edge of the egg.
• Continue to shake and pull back the edges with a fork for about 15 seconds, and then add the filling to the center of the omelet.
• Now use a spatula to roll a third of the omelet over itself and then out of the pan onto a warm plate.
• As it falls onto the plate, let it make a second fold.

Tselmeg

History

Khamag Mongol Empire
Around the 12 centuries, there were various tribes lived in Mongolia. In 1206 after Temuujin established the first united Mongolian state, he was given the title “Chinggis Khaan”. Chinggis Khaan is a legendary king who had conquered “the half of the world”.He stretcted his land from Baigal Lake in north, to the Great Wall of China in the south, and from Mount Hyangan in the east, to the Altai Mountains in the west. Mongolians built many cities in 13th century and one of them is Kharkhorum which was the capital city of Mongolian Empire.

The Manchu period
The Hamnigan, who established the Manchu dynasty gained power in the 12th century and conquered Mongolia in 1775 after their conquering China and Inner Mongolia. Thus Mongolia become colony of Manchu and lost its independence for 200 years. Buddhism was the main religion in this period. Many sutras (Tibetian book) were translated into Mongolian and hundreds of monasteries and temples were built.

Mongolia in 20th century
As a result of the Mongolia People’s revolution in 1921, Mongolia was released from Manchu colonization. It was dark years under the oppression of Manchu that had made Mongolia left behind world development. Socialism:The great civilization started with support of Soviet Union. Therefore the great building work had started. Secondary schools, heavy industries, power plants, telephone stations and telegraph lines had been built. A number of people increased who settled in main cities such as Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, Erdenet and Dornod. Russia’s influence was strong through these years.

Modern Mongolia
In 1990s, Mongolia choosed the road of democracy, and set the goal of building “democratic humane socialism” based on a multi party democracy. In January 1992, a new constitution was established. The first President of was elected by public election in 1993, which was very new to the people that they actually had the opportunity to choose their own leader. The Mongolia first president was P. Ochirbat.

Geography
The territory of Mongolia is located in the heart of Asia and shares border with Russia and China. Average altitude is 1580meters above the sea level,one of the highest countries in the world.Mongolia occupies 1564100square kilometers with diverse landscape. South part of the country is mostly Govi dessert but north part is covered by forest which is part of Siberia. Higth mountains occupies western part of Mongolia and east part is just open steppe land which makes a perfect condition for raising livestocks. Mongolia is a descended land from the ocean with very dry four seasonal climate. The temperature
drops to-30C in winter, and in summer+38C high dergrees.

Culture
Mongolian culture has changed a lot more in late of 19th century. However, they haven’t completely lost our unique nomandic culture. Outside the main cities, Mongolians continue to live the traditional nomadic way of life.Raising their livestocks, living in a traditional home called called ‘Ger’, that is made of wood and white felt. Moving from place to place depending on which season they live in. Livestocks herding is the main source of nomadic lifestyle. Horses, cattle, sheep, goats and camels are praised as “five treasures”. There are thousands of songs, proverbs, tales and dances have been created for praising the “live treasures”.Ger is a large tent with round share that can be moved easily, the door always faces with There are many traditional, religious and superstitious rules and customs associated with the Gers. The traditional dress called deel is commonly worn. In winter they wear fur deel and big leather boots with felt socks inside.
Hot milk tea is popular in Mongolia. Mongolians are big tea drinkers. Also there is traditional drink “Airag” us made from fermented mare’s milk.
Buddhist Lamaism (Tibetian Buddhist) is the main religion. According to historic sources Shamanism was the state religion until the introduction of Buddhism in the 16th century.

Population
The present population of Mongolia is 2,504,000with an annual growth rate is about 2,8 percent.8,5 percent of Mongolia is Khalkha Mongol and 70,5 percent of whole population is under age of 35.
Mongolia people are good-looking. They are short with delicate features.they hav got black hair, brown eyes and yellow skin. Most people in Mongolia live in countryside.
Over two and a half million people live in very wide area about a million and five hundred sq km, which is the population density just 1.6person per sq km, the population density in Gobi province is only 0.3person per sq km.

Languages
Mongolian is the official language and Cyrillic alphabet is widely used script in Mongolia.As a foreign language Russian and English are more common spoken than other growing languages such as Japanese Chinese, Korean etc.

Education
Mongolia has 4 years of elementary school, 4 years of lower secondary school. Every child has to complete the first two. According to statistical news thereare 686 primary and secondary schools in Mongolia. After graduation of secondary schools, students have to choose either to study in Vocational Training instituties, or to get a degree for higher education.There are many universities, instituties and colleges that provide Bachelor’s, Master’s degree in various fields.Also the number or students who
are studying in abroad has significantly increased in the last decade.

Politics
Mongolia is a parliamentary country. The State Great Hural is the highest governmental organization. The State Great Hural consists of 76 members. The members of The State Great Hural are elected once in four years. Mongolian predominant party had been the Mongolian people’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP) until 2004.The main opposition party is the Democratic Party (DP), which had been elected in1996. N.Bagabandi is the President-the Heat of the State, who was elected twice 1997.

Eriin gurvan naadam
Mongolian also celebrate many festivalbs throughout the year.My favourite holiday is Eriin gurvan naadam, in July. It runs for tree days annually July 11-13 and highlights the greatest athletes In horse racing, archery and wresting.Up to 512 wretlers compete in Naadam festival. There are no weigt divisions. This can lead to some very interesting matches. Also there is no time timits. Wrestlers wear small vests called zodog over their shoulders and snug shorts called shuudag. The heavy, traditional Mongolian boots are gutuls.Men shoot from 75meters and women shoot from 60meters in Archery contest. Each time when they shoot you will hear a recitative cry called an Uukhai calling on the archers who hit the target well.The best archer gets the title “Ulsiin Mergen “.
The race is conducted on the open grasslands with no a set track or a course. Children from the ages of 5to13 are chosen to ride racing horses.And before the race the riders sing a song called “Giingoo”. After the horseracing, a praise-singer extols the winning rider and the horse.
Mongolian is a wonderful country. Its flascinating sights, rich cultural history and warm-hearted people make it unique.