Homework - 5th essay / Unit 10 /

Future of Mongolia:


1. Introduction
2.Main body:
- relationship
- education, schools, universities
- jobs
- home life, housing
- transport, buses, cars, travelling
- holidays
- food
- health
- environment, pollution
3. Conclusion

Past tenses

Advice on how to be a good student / 4th essay -Unit 8/

Have you ever faced with these problems?

- Although I know that doing my lessons is necessary for me but I can`t do anymore

- Although I open my book but I can`t read and just look.

- However, I want to do but I can`t

- I get bored easily during doing lessons.

If yes, I will strongly advise you to set your goal and plan for your whole life. You can use following methods to plan your purpose.

At first, just think about the situation where you are in 10 years. Ask yourself:

- What will I have created after 10 years?

- How will I be living?

- What will my pride have become like at that time and compare your dream with your present dreams. Then you should determine your goal.

Secondly, think about the situation after a year.

Thirdly, think about the time after 1-month period.

These 3 lists will help you to plan your work. For example, here is a plan of 1 student about his purpose and make your plan like that.

Plan for 10-year time:

- To become a good computer programmer

- To learn English and Japanese well

- To work in a big international company

1- year plan:

- To enter the university with major computer programming

- To learn with high points

- To learn in English course

1- month plan:

- To solve all the math problems in order to take the entering exam

- To find the best English course and start to learn .

You can plan your goals like this, then locate it place where it will easily be seen for you. It will help you to see it more often. If you see this more often you will be energetic and you will be encouraged. After that, set your weekly and daily work plan. Your daily plan must be included into your weekly plan.

Planning and dreaming is important for human life. Also never make joke with someone`s dream. It is said that the most stupid dream is enjoyed by everyone. There are 3 main enemies of success.

1. Sleepiness and laziness

People have to sleep but the time must be limited and defined. If you want to use time effectively you should sleep less time. In order to decline your sleepiness you should determine when to sleep and when to wake up, you are not allowed to go to bed unless you feel really sleepy, if you don`t sleep after 5 minutes lying on your bed just get up and do your lesson.

2. TV

It is the enemy of attention. What is the result of watching TV? Don`t watch unnecessary things on TV. It is believed TV decreases 80 percent of person`s creativeness.

3. Any kind of games like card and computer games. People who don`t have goal play computer games.

Maybe, it is difficult to get up early and to do lesson with plan but after 10 or 20 times tries it becomes habit of you. Also you should have personal mottos which always encourage you like “Don`t put works later just now”. Don`t give up. And you must put high requirements on you.

Ok, you have planned your work and start to do your homework. Now you must concentrate your attention. If you can`t concentrate it is not possible to fulfill your plan. The distractions of attention are to dream empty, to worry about something and to think like everybody is better than you, there are many subjects to review but there is no time. If you face these thoughts when you are doing homework you should ask yourself if it helps to do your homework and get your goal. Moreover, I advise you never do your lesson lying on the bed. It has only 1 end. That is to sleep. If you lie the brain will concentrate on sleeping and give signal to sleep to your body.

Now I will advise you how to learn English?

In my opinion, we should “attack” all sides like reading, writing, listening and grammar in order to learn English. So you should prepare books cassettes CDs and practice tests.

When you do reading exercise read as much as you can wherever you go like address instructions and words on the board. At first, you will face many new words but don`t give up and later the unfamiliar words will become fewer.

When you do listening exercise turn your TV into channels in English. Also listen to English songs looking lyrics.

If you want to do speaking exercise make friends with foreign people who have come to Mongolia to work and meet them more often and talk to them on all topics.

When you work on grammar practice on grammar books and take lessons from English teacher.

Why don`t you guide diary in English / in your blogs/ when you do writing? It is simple but it is effective way to improve your writing skills. You don`t have to be shy if you want to learn English.

Finally hardworking and patience will let you to become a good student.

Simple presentations

Introduction

(Good morning, afternoon, evening)

I'm happy to be here.

I'm glad to have this opportunity to . . .

Today, I'd like to talk (to you) about . . .

My topic today is . . .

The focus of my remarks is . . .

I'd like to share some thoughts on (topic)

Main points

Let me start by . . .

First, let me tell you about . . .

I've divided my topic into (three) parts: (They are . . .)

Giving examples

For instance,

Let me illustrate,

To illustrate,

Conclusion

In conclusion,

To conclude,

To summarize,

To sum up,

Checking for Understanding

(Do you) know what I mean?

Do you know what I'm saying?

Do you understand?

Are you following me?

Are you with me (so far)?

Have you got it?

Any questions?

Got it?

Showing Understanding

I see.

I understand.

I get it./I got it.

Gotcha. (Informal)

Expressing Lack of Understanding

I don't get it.

(I'm sorry.) I don't understand.

What do you mean?

I'm not following you.

I don't quite follow you.

I'm not sure I get what you mean.

What was that again?

Conceding to Make a Point

That may be true, but . . .

I may be wrong, but . . .

You might be right, but . . .

You have a good point, but . . .

You could say that, but . . .

Correct me if I'm wrong, but . . .

I don't mean to be rude, but . . .

I hate to bring this up, but . . .

I don't mean to be negative, but . . .

This may sound strange, but . . .

Analyzing Problems

Focusing on the main problem/issue

What is the main problem?

What is the real issue (here)?

(I think) the major problem is . . .

Our primary concern is . . .

The crux of the matter is . . .

(As I see it), the most important thing is . . .

The main problem we need to solve is . . .

We really need to take care of . . .

It all comes down to this:

Asking for input

What should we do about it?

What needs to be done?

What do you think we should do?

What are we going to do about it?

Do you have any suggestions?

Any ideas?

Making Recommendations

I recommend that . . .

I suggest that . . .

I would like to propose that . . .

Why don't we . . .

Commenting

That's interesting. I think that...

Interesting point. I would add...

Hmmm. I hadn't thought of that before.

Questions can also be a useful way of bringing new ideas into a conversation:

What do you think about . . .

Have you considered . . .

What about . . .

Sometimes a more direct approach is appropriate:

Can I add something here?

(Do you) mind if I interject something here?

Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing involves restating someone else's ideas in your own words. There are several phrases that can be used to introduce paraphrasing:

So . . . (rephrase the other person's ideas)

In other words . . . (paraphrase)

I understand. (You're saying that . . .)

Oh. I see. (You want to say that . . . )

I get it. (You mean . . .)

So, what you mean is . . .

Let me see if I understand you correctly. . .

What I think you're saying is . . .

If I'm hearing you correctly . . .

Meetings and Discussions

Getting started

Let's get started.
We need to discuss . . .
We need to talk about . . .

Talking about discussion items

The first thing we need to discuss is . . .
The first item on the agenda is . . .
The first thing on the list is . . .
First, we need to talk about . . .

Presenting Options

We have several alternatives:
We have two options:
We could either . . . or . . .

Moving on

Let's move on to Item 2.
Let's move on to the next topic.
We need to move on.
The next item (of business) is . . .
We need to go on to the next item.
Shall/Should we move on?

Stalling the Discussion

Before we move on, I think we should . . .
Wait a minute. We haven't discussed . . .
Don't you think we need to . . .
Not so fast. We haven't (yet) . . .

Asking for Clarification

What do you mean by . . . .
I don't quite follow you.
I didn't get what you meant by . . .
Could you clarify that?
Could you elaborate on that?

Making a Suggestion/Proposal

I think we should . . .
Maybe we should . . .
I suggest . . .
Why don't we . . .
How about . . .
We could . . .

Giving Feedback

(I think) that's a good idea.
You have a good point.
Good idea/point.
I agree.

I disagree. I think . . .
Sorry. I don't agree with you.
You have a good point, but . . .
That's not such a good idea.
I don't think that's a good idea.

Asking for Opinions

What do you think, George?
What's your opinion on that, Martha?
Any thoughts on that?
Any ideas?

Checking for Consensus

Do we all agree (on that)?
Does everyone agree?

Summarizing

In summary,
The conclusion is . . .
So, we've decided to . . .
We're going to . . . (then)

Closing the meeting

That's all for today.
That's it then. (informal)
The meeting is adjourned. (very formal)

1st essay - Unit 1-2, 2nd essay - Unit 3-4

My vacation

1. Introduction:
places, time, duration;
2.Visited places
2.1. Ulaanbaatar
2.1.1. where you stayed
2.1.2. weather
2.1.3. sightseeing
2.1.4. events
2.1.5. food
2.2. Khubsugul lake
where you stayed, weather, sightseeing, events, food;
2.3. Gobi desert
2.4. Hometown
3. Conclusion
feeling, suggestion

Write about yourself.

1. Introduction
- name, where from, place you live, family;

2. Main parts:
- Physical appearance: age, height, build, face, eyes, hair, mouth, nose;
Clothes: preferences - casual, formal;
- Character, friends;
- Favourite activities on free time, likes / dislikes; hobbies/interests, food;
- Views on life - beliefs;

3. Conclusion
- final comments;

Unit 5-7: Book report

1. Write the title and the author.

2. Write an introduction.

- Tell whether the book is fiction /literature/ or

nonfiction /science/.

- Include something extremely important

to identify the main topic and

capture the reader’s interest.

3. Write the body of the report.

- Give a brief description of the plot, setting

and characters.

(1.The plot of a story is the series of the events

that moves the story along.

Most story plots include 3 stages of events:

rising action, the climax and

the resolution.

2. The setting of a story is the time and

place of the action.

3. The characters in a story are the people who take

part in the events. Animals and even objects

can also be characters if the author gives

them human traits with their own

personalities.)

- Give a brief summary of the part of the story

that presents the main conflict without

telling it all.

- Give details that will bring important

characters to life.

4. Write a conclusion to sum up.

- Tell your readers why they should

or should not read the book.

- If you do want people to read the book,

make them wonder how it ends.

Writing process

Step 1: Prewriting - Make a list of ideas deciding what you will write and brainstorm.

- plan* and sort, take notes in your own words on your note cards or use a direct quotation,

- organize, make an outline arranging main topics (I, II..), subtopics (A, B..) and details (1, 2..) in a logical order, choose and explore an idea,

Step 2: Write a first draft – Get all your ides down on paper and write a strong topic sentence stating your opinion clearly in it and support it with details, good reasons and examples. Follow your outline and here you can write a bibliography page in alphabetical order if it is a research report.

Step 3: Revise – Read the first draft and make your changes. (Using details, sense words, clear, exact words or figurative language to describe and plant a vivid image in your reader’s mind.)

Step 4: Proofread – Correct mistakes using dictionaries. (Paragraphs, indenting, capitalization, marks and punctuation, spelling, subject-verb agreement)

Step 5: Publish – Copy, add the title, check and share.

Ideas for sharing:

- Make a poster with photographs, drawings or diagrams to illustrate. Or build a model of your story’s main setting using a variety of materials, such as colored paper, clay, foam rubber, and cloth.

- Turn your topic into speech and give it to your classmates for discussion using note cards, maps, pictures, models or samples that people can look at. Or tape-record your story.

- Send a copy to someone who would be interested in your topic. Collect and display other materials /letters, articles and editorials/ that support your argument. Submit your topic to the newspapers, journals, blogs and libraries making a cover with used reading materials. Furthermore, you can even sell the movie right to your story.

*The purpose of a *research report is to provide information about a topic that you can’t possibly learn about directly. For a research report, your information will almost always come from a library. A library has a variety of reference aids and resource books to help you: the encyclopedia, the atlas, the almanac, the dictionary and readers’ guide to periodical literature. The easiest way to locate information in the library is to use the card catalog which lists every book in the library.

*A news report.

The Star Thrower

A young man was walking along a beach. The tide was on its way out, and the beach, for as far as he could see, was covered in starfish. Ahead he saw a woman, picking up starfish and throwing them into the ocean one by one.
“Good morning!” he said as he neared her. “Do you mind if I ask why you’re doing that?”
"The tide’s going out and the sun is burning hot. If I don't throw them in they'll die," the old lady answered.
"But there are miles of beach covered with starfish. It’s hopeless. What difference can you make?"
The old lady bent down, picked up another starfish and threw it into the sea.
"Well, it sure made a difference for that one."

Adapted from Loren Eisley